What is the definition of white box testing in the context of unit testing?

White box testing in the context of unit testing refers to a testing methodology that involves examining the internal structure, logic, and code of a software component to ensure its correctness and efficiency. Unlike black box testing, which focuses solely on functionality, white box testing requires an in-depth understanding of the codebase, enabling testers to validate control flows, data flows, loops, and decision branches.

This approach is primarily employed by developers or test engineers to achieve maximum code coverage using techniques such as statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage. By systematically analyzing and testing each code segment, white box testing helps identify logical errors, security vulnerabilities, and performance inefficiencies at an early stage of the development lifecycle, ultimately contributing to a more robust and maintainable software system.