Best Mockito code snippet using org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound
Source:GenericMetadataSupport.java  
...116         *  - Multiple bounds are not supported (for instance, this is not allowed: <? extends List<String> & MyInterface>)117         */118119        WildCardBoundedType wildCardBoundedType = new WildCardBoundedType(wildCard);120        if (wildCardBoundedType.firstBound() instanceof TypeVariable) {121            return boundsOf((TypeVariable) wildCardBoundedType.firstBound());122        }123124        return wildCardBoundedType;125    }126127128129    /**130     * @return Raw type of the current instance.131     */132    public abstract Class<?> rawType();133134135136    /**137     * @return Returns extra interfaces <strong>if relevant</strong>, otherwise empty List.138     */139    public List<Type> extraInterfaces() {140        return Collections.emptyList();141    }142143    /**144     * @return Returns an array with the raw types of {@link #extraInterfaces()} <strong>if relevant</strong>.145     */146    public Class<?>[] rawExtraInterfaces() {147        return new Class[0];148    }149150151152    /**153     * @return Actual type arguments matching the type variables of the raw type represented by this {@link GenericMetadataSupport} instance.154     */155    public Map<TypeVariable, Type> actualTypeArguments() {156        TypeVariable[] typeParameters = rawType().getTypeParameters();157        LinkedHashMap<TypeVariable, Type> actualTypeArguments = new LinkedHashMap<TypeVariable, Type>();158159        for (TypeVariable typeParameter : typeParameters) {160161            Type actualType = getActualTypeArgumentFor(typeParameter);162163            actualTypeArguments.put(typeParameter, actualType);164            // logger.log("For '" + rawType().getCanonicalName() + "' returning explicit TypeVariable : { '" + typeParameter + "(" + System.identityHashCode(typeParameter) + ")" + "' : '" + actualType +"' }");165        }166167        return actualTypeArguments;168    }169170    protected Type getActualTypeArgumentFor(TypeVariable typeParameter) {171        Type type = this.contextualActualTypeParameters.get(typeParameter);172        if (type instanceof TypeVariable) {173            TypeVariable typeVariable = (TypeVariable) type;174            return getActualTypeArgumentFor(typeVariable);175        }176177        return type;178    }179180181182    /**183     * Resolve current method generic return type to a {@link GenericMetadataSupport}.184     *185     * @param method Method to resolve the return type.186     * @return {@link GenericMetadataSupport} representing this generic return type.187     */188    public GenericMetadataSupport resolveGenericReturnType(Method method) {189        Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();190        // logger.log("Method '" + method.toGenericString() + "' has return type : " + genericReturnType.getClass().getInterfaces()[0].getSimpleName() + " : " + genericReturnType);191192        if (genericReturnType instanceof Class) {193            return new NotGenericReturnTypeSupport(genericReturnType);194        }195        if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {196            return new ParameterizedReturnType(this, method.getTypeParameters(), (ParameterizedType) method.getGenericReturnType());197        }198        if (genericReturnType instanceof TypeVariable) {199            return new TypeVariableReturnType(this, method.getTypeParameters(), (TypeVariable) genericReturnType);200        }201202        throw new MockitoException("Ouch, it shouldn't happen, type '" + genericReturnType.getClass().getCanonicalName() + "' on method : '" + method.toGenericString() + "' is not supported : " + genericReturnType);203    }204205    /**206     * Create an new instance of {@link GenericMetadataSupport} inferred from a {@link Type}.207     *208     * <p>209     *     At the moment <code>type</code> can only be a {@link Class} or a {@link ParameterizedType}, otherwise210     *     it'll throw a {@link MockitoException}.211     * </p>212     *213     * @param type The class from which the {@link GenericMetadataSupport} should be built.214     * @return The new {@link GenericMetadataSupport}.215     * @throws MockitoException Raised if type is not a {@link Class} or a {@link ParameterizedType}.216     */217    public static GenericMetadataSupport inferFrom(Type type) {218        Checks.checkNotNull(type, "type");219        if (type instanceof Class) {220            return new FromClassGenericMetadataSupport((Class<?>) type);221        }222        if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {223            return new FromParameterizedTypeGenericMetadataSupport((ParameterizedType) type);224        }225226        throw new MockitoException("Type meta-data for this Type (" + type.getClass().getCanonicalName() + ") is not supported : " + type);227    }228229230    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////231    //// Below are specializations of GenericMetadataSupport that could handle retrieval of possible Types232    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////233234    /**235     * Generic metadata implementation for {@link Class}.236     *237     * Offer support to retrieve generic metadata on a {@link Class} by reading type parameters and type variables on238     * the class and its ancestors and interfaces.239     */240    private static class FromClassGenericMetadataSupport extends GenericMetadataSupport {241        private Class<?> clazz;242243        public FromClassGenericMetadataSupport(Class<?> clazz) {244            this.clazz = clazz;245            readActualTypeParametersOnDeclaringClass();246        }247248        private void readActualTypeParametersOnDeclaringClass() {249            registerTypeParametersOn(clazz.getTypeParameters());250            registerTypeVariablesOn(clazz.getGenericSuperclass());251            for (Type genericInterface : clazz.getGenericInterfaces()) {252                registerTypeVariablesOn(genericInterface);253            }254        }255256        @Override257        public Class<?> rawType() {258            return clazz;259        }260    }261262263    /**264     * Generic metadata implementation for "standalone" {@link ParameterizedType}.265     *266     * Offer support to retrieve generic metadata on a {@link ParameterizedType} by reading type variables of267     * the related raw type and declared type variable of this parameterized type.268     *269     * This class is not designed to work on ParameterizedType returned by {@link Method#getGenericReturnType()}, as270     * the ParameterizedType instance return in these cases could have Type Variables that refer to type declaration(s).271     * That's what meant the "standalone" word at the beginning of the Javadoc.272     * Instead use {@link ParameterizedReturnType}.273     */274    private static class FromParameterizedTypeGenericMetadataSupport extends GenericMetadataSupport {275        private ParameterizedType parameterizedType;276277        public FromParameterizedTypeGenericMetadataSupport(ParameterizedType parameterizedType) {278            this.parameterizedType = parameterizedType;279            readActualTypeParameters();280        }281282        private void readActualTypeParameters() {283            registerTypeVariablesOn(parameterizedType.getRawType());284            registerTypeVariablesOn(parameterizedType);285        }286287        @Override288        public Class<?> rawType() {289            return (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getRawType();290        }291    }292293294    /**295     * Generic metadata specific to {@link ParameterizedType} returned via {@link Method#getGenericReturnType()}.296     */297    private static class ParameterizedReturnType extends GenericMetadataSupport {298        private final ParameterizedType parameterizedType;299        private final TypeVariable[] typeParameters;300301        public ParameterizedReturnType(GenericMetadataSupport source, TypeVariable[] typeParameters, ParameterizedType parameterizedType) {302            this.parameterizedType = parameterizedType;303            this.typeParameters = typeParameters;304            this.contextualActualTypeParameters = source.contextualActualTypeParameters;305306            readTypeParameters();307            readTypeVariables();308        }309310        private void readTypeParameters() {311            registerTypeParametersOn(typeParameters);312        }313314        private void readTypeVariables() {315            registerTypeVariablesOn(parameterizedType);316        }317318        @Override319        public Class<?> rawType() {320            return (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getRawType();321        }322323    }324325326    /**327     * Generic metadata for {@link TypeVariable} returned via {@link Method#getGenericReturnType()}.328     */329    private static class TypeVariableReturnType extends GenericMetadataSupport {330        private final TypeVariable typeVariable;331        private final TypeVariable[] typeParameters;332        private Class<?> rawType;333334335336        public TypeVariableReturnType(GenericMetadataSupport source, TypeVariable[] typeParameters, TypeVariable typeVariable) {337            this.typeParameters = typeParameters;338            this.typeVariable = typeVariable;339            this.contextualActualTypeParameters = source.contextualActualTypeParameters;340341            readTypeParameters();342            readTypeVariables();343        }344345        private void readTypeParameters() {346            registerTypeParametersOn(typeParameters);347        }348349        private void readTypeVariables() {350            for (Type type : typeVariable.getBounds()) {351                registerTypeVariablesOn(type);352            }353            registerTypeVariablesOn(getActualTypeArgumentFor(typeVariable));354        }355356        @Override357        public Class<?> rawType() {358            if (rawType == null) {359                rawType = extractRawTypeOf(typeVariable);360            }361            return rawType;362        }363364        private Class<?> extractRawTypeOf(Type type) {365            if (type instanceof Class) {366                return (Class<?>) type;367            }368            if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {369                return (Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) type).getRawType();370            }371            if (type instanceof BoundedType) {372                return extractRawTypeOf(((BoundedType) type).firstBound());373            }374            if (type instanceof TypeVariable) {375                /*376                 * If type is a TypeVariable, then it is needed to gather data elsewhere. Usually TypeVariables are declared377                 * on the class definition, such as such as List<E>.378                 */379                return extractRawTypeOf(contextualActualTypeParameters.get(type));380            }381            throw new MockitoException("Raw extraction not supported for : '" + type + "'");382        }383384        @Override385        public List<Type> extraInterfaces() {386            Type type = extractActualBoundedTypeOf(typeVariable);387            if (type instanceof BoundedType) {388                return Arrays.asList(((BoundedType) type).interfaceBounds());389            }390            if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {391                return Collections.singletonList(type);392            }393            if (type instanceof Class) {394                return Collections.emptyList();395            }396            throw new MockitoException("Cannot extract extra-interfaces from '" + typeVariable + "' : '" + type + "'");397        }398399        /**400         * @return Returns an array with the extracted raw types of {@link #extraInterfaces()}.401         * @see #extractRawTypeOf(java.lang.reflect.Type)402         */403        public Class<?>[] rawExtraInterfaces() {404            List<Type> extraInterfaces = extraInterfaces();405            List<Class<?>> rawExtraInterfaces = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();406            for (Type extraInterface : extraInterfaces) {407                Class<?> rawInterface = extractRawTypeOf(extraInterface);408                // avoid interface collision with actual raw type (with typevariables, resolution ca be quite aggressive)409                if(!rawType().equals(rawInterface)) {410                    rawExtraInterfaces.add(rawInterface);411                }412            }413            return rawExtraInterfaces.toArray(new Class[rawExtraInterfaces.size()]);414        }415416        private Type extractActualBoundedTypeOf(Type type) {417            if (type instanceof TypeVariable) {418                /*419                If type is a TypeVariable, then it is needed to gather data elsewhere. Usually TypeVariables are declared420                on the class definition, such as such as List<E>.421                */422                return extractActualBoundedTypeOf(contextualActualTypeParameters.get(type));423            }424            if (type instanceof BoundedType) {425                Type actualFirstBound = extractActualBoundedTypeOf(((BoundedType) type).firstBound());426                if (!(actualFirstBound instanceof BoundedType)) {427                    return type; // avoid going one step further, ie avoid : O(TypeVar) -> K(TypeVar) -> Some ParamType428                }429                return actualFirstBound;430            }431            return type; // irrelevant, we don't manage other types as they are not bounded.432        }433    }434435436437    /**438     * Non-Generic metadata for {@link Class} returned via {@link Method#getGenericReturnType()}.439     */440    private static class NotGenericReturnTypeSupport extends GenericMetadataSupport {441        private final Class<?> returnType;442443        public NotGenericReturnTypeSupport(Type genericReturnType) {444            returnType = (Class<?>) genericReturnType;445        }446447        @Override448        public Class<?> rawType() {449            return returnType;450        }451    }452453454455    /**456     * Type representing bounds of a type457     *458     * @see TypeVarBoundedType459     * @see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.4">http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.4</a>460     * @see WildCardBoundedType461     * @see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.5.1">http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.5.1</a>462     */463    public static interface BoundedType extends Type {464        Type firstBound();465466        Type[] interfaceBounds();467    }468469    /**470     * Type representing bounds of a type variable, allows to keep all bounds information.471     *472     * <p>It uses the first bound in the array, as this array is never null and always contains at least473     * one element (Object is always here if no bounds are declared).</p>474     *475     * <p>If upper bounds are declared with SomeClass and additional interfaces, then firstBound will be SomeClass and476     * interfacesBound will be an array of the additional interfaces.477     *478     * i.e. <code>SomeClass</code>.479     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">480     *     interface UpperBoundedTypeWithClass<E extends Comparable<E> & Cloneable> {481     *         E get();482     *     }483     *     // will return Comparable type484     * </code></pre>485     * </p>486     *487     * @see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.4">http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.4</a>488     */489    public static class TypeVarBoundedType implements BoundedType {490        private TypeVariable typeVariable;491492493        public TypeVarBoundedType(TypeVariable typeVariable) {494            this.typeVariable = typeVariable;495        }496497        /**498         * @return either a class or an interface (parameterized or not), if no bounds declared Object is returned.499         */500        public Type firstBound() {501            return typeVariable.getBounds()[0]; //502        }503504        /**505         * On a Type Variable (typeVar extends C_0 & I_1 & I_2 & etc), will return an array506         * containing I_1 and I_2.507         *508         * @return other bounds for this type, these bounds can only be only interfaces as the JLS says,509         * empty array if no other bound declared.510         */511        public Type[] interfaceBounds() {512            Type[] interfaceBounds = new Type[typeVariable.getBounds().length - 1];513            System.arraycopy(typeVariable.getBounds(), 1, interfaceBounds, 0, typeVariable.getBounds().length - 1);514            return interfaceBounds;515        }516517        @Override518        public boolean equals(Object o) {519            if (this == o) return true;520            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;521522            return typeVariable.equals(((TypeVarBoundedType) o).typeVariable);523524        }525526        @Override527        public int hashCode() {528            return typeVariable.hashCode();529        }530531        @Override532        public String toString() {533            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();534            sb.append("{firstBound=").append(firstBound());535            sb.append(", interfaceBounds=").append(Arrays.deepToString(interfaceBounds()));536            sb.append('}');537            return sb.toString();538        }539540        public TypeVariable typeVariable() {541            return typeVariable;542        }543    }544545    /**546     * Type representing bounds of a wildcard, allows to keep all bounds information.547     *548     * <p>The JLS says that lower bound and upper bound are mutually exclusive, and that multiple bounds549     * are not allowed.550     *551     * @see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.4">http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se5.0/html/typesValues.html#4.4</a>552     */553    public static class WildCardBoundedType implements BoundedType {554        private WildcardType wildcard;555556557        public WildCardBoundedType(WildcardType wildcard) {558            this.wildcard = wildcard;559        }560561        /**562         * @return The first bound, either a type or a reference to a TypeVariable563         */564        public Type firstBound() {565            Type[] lowerBounds = wildcard.getLowerBounds();566            Type[] upperBounds = wildcard.getUpperBounds();567568            return lowerBounds.length != 0 ? lowerBounds[0] : upperBounds[0];569        }570571        /**572         * @return An empty array as, wildcard don't support multiple bounds.573         */574        public Type[] interfaceBounds() {575            return new Type[0];576        }577578        @Override579        public boolean equals(Object o) {580            if (this == o) return true;581            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;582583            return wildcard.equals(((TypeVarBoundedType) o).typeVariable);584585        }586587        @Override588        public int hashCode() {589            return wildcard.hashCode();590        }591592        @Override593        public String toString() {594            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();595            sb.append("{firstBound=").append(firstBound());596            sb.append(", interfaceBounds=[]}");597            return sb.toString();598        }599600        public WildcardType wildCard() {601            return wildcard;602        }603    }604605}606607
...firstBound
Using AI Code Generation
1import java.lang.reflect.Method;2import java.util.Arrays;3import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport;4public class GenericMetadataSupportTest {5    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {6        Method method = GenericMetadataSupportTest.class.getMethod("method", String.class);7        GenericMetadataSupport genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport(method);8        System.out.println("First bound: " + genericMetadataSupport.firstBound());9    }10    public <T> void method(T t) {11    }12}firstBound
Using AI Code Generation
1import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport2import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType3def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()4def genericType = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(new GenericType(List.class))5import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport6import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType7def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()8def genericType = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(new GenericType(List.class))9import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport10import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType11def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()12def genericType = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(new GenericType(List.class))13import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport14import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType15def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()16def genericType = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(new GenericType(List.class))17import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport18import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType19def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()20def genericType = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(new GenericType(List.class))21import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport22import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType23def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()24def genericType = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(new GenericType(List.class))25import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport26import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType27def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()firstBound
Using AI Code Generation
1import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport2import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType3class GenericMetadataSupportTest {4    def "test firstBound"() {5        def genericMetadataSupport = new GenericMetadataSupport()6        def result = genericMetadataSupport.firstBound(GenericType.of(MyType.class))7    }8    static class MyType<T extends String> {9    }10}firstBound
Using AI Code Generation
1    private static final String[] GENERIC_METADATA_SUPPORT_FIRST_BOUND = {2            "package org.mockito.internal.util.reflection;",3            "import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;",4            "import java.util.Arrays;",5            "import java.util.HashMap;",6            "import java.util.Map;",7            "import java.util.Set;",8            "public class GenericMetadataSupport {",9            "    private final Class<?> rawType;",10            "    private final TypeVariable<?>[] typeParameters;",11            "    private final Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments;",12            "    public GenericMetadataSupport(Class<?> rawType, TypeVariable<?>[] typeParameters, Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments) {",13            "        this.rawType = rawType;",14            "        this.typeParameters = typeParameters;",15            "        this.typeArguments = typeArguments;",16            "    }",17            "    public static GenericMetadataSupport of(Class<?> rawType, TypeVariable<?>[] typeParameters, Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments) {",18            "        return new GenericMetadataSupport(rawType, typeParameters, typeArguments);",19            "    }",20            "    public static GenericMetadataSupport of(Class<?> rawType, TypeVariable<?>[] typeParameters, Type[] actualTypeArguments) {",21            "        Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments = new HashMap<TypeVariable<?>, Type>();",22            "        for (int i = 0; i < typeParameters.length; i++) {",23            "            typeArguments.put(typeParameters[i], actualTypeArguments[i]);",24            "        }",25            "        return new GenericMetadataSupport(rawType, typeParameters, typeArguments);",26            "    }",27            "    public static GenericMetadataSupport of(Class<?> rawType, TypeVariable<?>[] typeParameters, Type[] actualTypeArguments, Type ownerType) {",28            "        Map<TypeVariable<?>, Type> typeArguments = new HashMap<TypeVariable<?>, Type>();",29            "        for (int i = 0; i < typeParameters.length; i++) {",30            "            typeArguments.put(typeParameters[i], actualTypeArguments[i]);",31            "        }",32            "        if (ownerType != null && ownerType instanceof ParameterizedType) {",33            "            ParameterizedType parameterizedOwnerType = (ParameterizedType) ownerType;",firstBound
Using AI Code Generation
1import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport2import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType3def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(GenericType.of(Iterable.class))4import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.ParameterizedTypeImpl5def parameterizedType = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(Iterable.class, [String.class])6def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(parameterizedType)7import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport8import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType9def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(GenericType.of(Iterable.class))10import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.ParameterizedTypeImpl11def parameterizedType = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(Iterable.class, [String.class])12def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(parameterizedType)13import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport14import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType15def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(GenericType.of(Iterable.class))16import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.ParameterizedTypeImpl17def parameterizedType = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(Iterable.class, [String.class])18def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(parameterizedType)19import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport20import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.GenericMetadataSupport.GenericType21def genericType = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(GenericType.of(Iterable.class))firstBound
Using AI Code Generation
1List<String> mock = mock(List.class);2Type firstBound = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock.getClass());3System.out.println(firstBound);4List mock2 = mock(List.class);5Type firstBound2 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock2.getClass());6System.out.println(firstBound2);7List mock3 = mock(List.class);8Type firstBound3 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock3.getClass());9System.out.println(firstBound3);10List mock4 = mock(List.class);11Type firstBound4 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock4.getClass());12System.out.println(firstBound4);13List mock5 = mock(List.class);14Type firstBound5 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock5.getClass());15System.out.println(firstBound5);16List mock6 = mock(List.class);17Type firstBound6 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock6.getClass());18System.out.println(firstBound6);19List mock7 = mock(List.class);20Type firstBound7 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock7.getClass());21System.out.println(firstBound7);22List mock8 = mock(List.class);23Type firstBound8 = GenericMetadataSupport.firstBound(mock8.getClass());24System.out.println(firstBound8);Learn to execute automation testing from scratch with LambdaTest Learning Hub. Right from setting up the prerequisites to run your first automation test, to following best practices and diving deeper into advanced test scenarios. LambdaTest Learning Hubs compile a list of step-by-step guides to help you be proficient with different test automation frameworks i.e. Selenium, Cypress, TestNG etc.
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