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How to use set_execution_subdir method in autotest

Best Python code snippet using autotest_python
scheduler_models.py
Source:scheduler_models.py
...464        blocks = IneligibleHostQueue.fetch(465            'job_id=%d and host_id=%d' % (self.job.id, host_id))466        for block in blocks:467            block.delete()468    def set_execution_subdir(self, subdir=None):469        if subdir is None:470            assert self.host471            subdir = self.host.hostname472        self.update_field('execution_subdir', subdir)473    def _get_hostname(self):474        if self.host:475            return self.host.hostname476        return 'no host'477    def get_dbg_str(self):478        """Get a debug string to identify this host.479        @return: A string containing the hqe and job id.480        """481        try:482            return 'HQE: %s, for job: %s' % (self.id, self.job_id)483        except AttributeError as e:484            return 'HQE has not been initialized yet: %s' % e485    def __str__(self):486        flags = []487        if self.active:488            flags.append('active')489        if self.complete:490            flags.append('complete')491        if self.deleted:492            flags.append('deleted')493        if self.aborted:494            flags.append('aborted')495        flags_str = ','.join(flags)496        if flags_str:497            flags_str = ' [%s]' % flags_str498        return ("%s and host: %s has status:%s%s" %499                (self.get_dbg_str(), self._get_hostname(), self.status,500                 flags_str))501    def set_status(self, status):502        logging.info("%s -> %s", self, status)503        self.update_field('status', status)504        active = (status in models.HostQueueEntry.ACTIVE_STATUSES)505        complete = (status in models.HostQueueEntry.COMPLETE_STATUSES)506        self.update_field('active', active)507        # The ordering of these operations is important. Once we set the508        # complete bit this job will become indistinguishable from all509        # the other complete jobs, unless we first set shard_id to NULL510        # to signal to the shard_client that we need to upload it. However,511        # we can only set both these after we've updated finished_on etc512        # within _on_complete or the job will get synced in an intermediate513        # state. This means that if someone sigkills the scheduler between514        # setting finished_on and complete, we will have inconsistent jobs.515        # This should be fine, because nothing critical checks finished_on,516        # and the scheduler should never be killed mid-tick.517        if complete:518            self._on_complete(status)519            self._email_on_job_complete()520        self.update_field('complete', complete)521        should_email_status = (status.lower() in _notify_email_statuses or522                               'all' in _notify_email_statuses)523        if should_email_status:524            self._email_on_status(status)525        logging.debug('HQE Set Status Complete')526    def _on_complete(self, status):527        metric_fields = {'status': status.lower()}528        if self.host:529            metric_fields['board'] = self.host.board or ''530            if len(self.host.pools) == 1:531                metric_fields['pool'] = self.host.pools[0]532            else:533                metric_fields['pool'] = 'MULTIPLE'534        else:535            metric_fields['board'] = 'NO_HOST'536            metric_fields['pool'] = 'NO_HOST'537        self._COMPLETION_COUNT_METRIC.increment(fields=metric_fields)538        if status is not models.HostQueueEntry.Status.ABORTED:539            self.job.stop_if_necessary()540        if self.started_on:541            self.set_finished_on_now()542            self._log_trace()543        if self.job.shard_id is not None:544            # If shard_id is None, the job will be synced back to the master545            self.job.update_field('shard_id', None)546        if not self.execution_subdir:547            return548        # unregister any possible pidfiles associated with this queue entry549        for pidfile_name in drone_manager.ALL_PIDFILE_NAMES:550            pidfile_id = _drone_manager.get_pidfile_id_from(551                    self.execution_path(), pidfile_name=pidfile_name)552            _drone_manager.unregister_pidfile(pidfile_id)553    def _log_trace(self):554        """Emits a Cloud Trace span for the HQE's duration."""555        if self.started_on and self.finished_on:556            span = cloud_trace.Span('HQE', spanId='0',557                                    traceId=hqe_trace_id(self.id))558            # TODO(phobbs) make a .SetStart() and .SetEnd() helper method559            span.startTime = types.Timestamp()560            span.startTime.FromDatetime(self.started_on)561            span.endTime = types.Timestamp()562            span.endTime.FromDatetime(self.finished_on)563            # TODO(phobbs) any LogSpan calls need to be wrapped in this for564            # safety during tests, so this should be caught within LogSpan.565            try:566                cloud_trace.LogSpan(span)567            except IOError as e:568                if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:569                    logging.warning('Error writing to cloud trace results '570                                    'directory: %s', e)571    def _get_status_email_contents(self, status, summary=None, hostname=None):572        """573        Gather info for the status notification e-mails.574        If needed, we could start using the Django templating engine to create575        the subject and the e-mail body, but that doesn't seem necessary right576        now.577        @param status: Job status text. Mandatory.578        @param summary: Job summary text. Optional.579        @param hostname: A hostname for the job. Optional.580        @return: Tuple (subject, body) for the notification e-mail.581        """582        job_stats = Job(id=self.job.id).get_execution_details()583        subject = ('Autotest | Job ID: %s "%s" | Status: %s ' %584                   (self.job.id, self.job.name, status))585        if hostname is not None:586            subject += '| Hostname: %s ' % hostname587        if status not in ["1 Failed", "Failed"]:588            subject += '| Success Rate: %.2f %%' % job_stats['success_rate']589        body =  "Job ID: %s\n" % self.job.id590        body += "Job name: %s\n" % self.job.name591        if hostname is not None:592            body += "Host: %s\n" % hostname593        if summary is not None:594            body += "Summary: %s\n" % summary595        body += "Status: %s\n" % status596        body += "Results interface URL: %s\n" % self._view_job_url()597        body += "Execution time (HH:MM:SS): %s\n" % job_stats['execution_time']598        if int(job_stats['total_executed']) > 0:599            body += "User tests executed: %s\n" % job_stats['total_executed']600            body += "User tests passed: %s\n" % job_stats['total_passed']601            body += "User tests failed: %s\n" % job_stats['total_failed']602            body += ("User tests success rate: %.2f %%\n" %603                     job_stats['success_rate'])604        if job_stats['failed_rows']:605            body += "Failures:\n"606            body += job_stats['failed_rows']607        return subject, body608    def _email_on_status(self, status):609        hostname = self._get_hostname()610        subject, body = self._get_status_email_contents(status, None, hostname)611        email_manager.manager.send_email(self.job.email_list, subject, body)612    def _email_on_job_complete(self):613        if not self.job.is_finished():614            return615        summary = []616        hosts_queue = HostQueueEntry.fetch('job_id = %s' % self.job.id)617        for queue_entry in hosts_queue:618            summary.append("Host: %s Status: %s" %619                                (queue_entry._get_hostname(),620                                 queue_entry.status))621        summary = "\n".join(summary)622        status_counts = models.Job.objects.get_status_counts(623                [self.job.id])[self.job.id]624        status = ', '.join('%d %s' % (count, status) for status, count625                    in status_counts.iteritems())626        subject, body = self._get_status_email_contents(status, summary, None)627        email_manager.manager.send_email(self.job.email_list, subject, body)628    def schedule_pre_job_tasks(self):629        logging.info("%s/%s/%s (job %s, entry %s) scheduled on %s, status=%s",630                     self.job.name, self.meta_host, self.atomic_group_id,631                     self.job.id, self.id, self.host.hostname, self.status)632        self._do_schedule_pre_job_tasks()633    def _do_schedule_pre_job_tasks(self):634        self.job.schedule_pre_job_tasks(queue_entry=self)635    def requeue(self):636        assert self.host637        self.set_status(models.HostQueueEntry.Status.QUEUED)638        self.update_field('started_on', None)639        self.update_field('finished_on', None)640        # verify/cleanup failure sets the execution subdir, so reset it here641        self.set_execution_subdir('')642        if self.meta_host:643            self.set_host(None)644    @property645    def aborted_by(self):646        self._load_abort_info()647        return self._aborted_by648    @property649    def aborted_on(self):650        self._load_abort_info()651        return self._aborted_on652    def _load_abort_info(self):653        """ Fetch info about who aborted the job. """654        if hasattr(self, "_aborted_by"):655            return656        rows = _db.execute("""657                SELECT afe_users.login,658                        afe_aborted_host_queue_entries.aborted_on659                FROM afe_aborted_host_queue_entries660                INNER JOIN afe_users661                ON afe_users.id = afe_aborted_host_queue_entries.aborted_by_id662                WHERE afe_aborted_host_queue_entries.queue_entry_id = %s663                """, (self.id,))664        if rows:665            self._aborted_by, self._aborted_on = rows[0]666        else:667            self._aborted_by = self._aborted_on = None668    def on_pending(self):669        """670        Called when an entry in a synchronous job has passed verify.  If the671        job is ready to run, sets the entries to STARTING. Otherwise, it leaves672        them in PENDING.673        """674        self.set_status(models.HostQueueEntry.Status.PENDING)675        if not self.host:676            raise scheduler_lib.NoHostIdError(677                    'Failed to recover a job whose host_queue_entry_id=%r due'678                    ' to no host_id.'679                    % self.id)680        self.host.set_status(models.Host.Status.PENDING)681        # Some debug code here: sends an email if an asynchronous job does not682        # immediately enter Starting.683        # TODO: Remove this once we figure out why asynchronous jobs are getting684        # stuck in Pending.685        self.job.run_if_ready(queue_entry=self)686        if (self.job.synch_count == 1 and687                self.status == models.HostQueueEntry.Status.PENDING):688            subject = 'Job %s (id %s)' % (self.job.name, self.job.id)689            message = 'Asynchronous job stuck in Pending'690            email_manager.manager.enqueue_notify_email(subject, message)691    def abort(self, dispatcher):692        assert self.aborted and not self.complete693        Status = models.HostQueueEntry.Status694        if self.status in {Status.GATHERING, Status.PARSING}:695            # do nothing; post-job tasks will finish and then mark this entry696            # with status "Aborted" and take care of the host697            return698        if self.status in {Status.STARTING, Status.PENDING, Status.RUNNING}:699            # If hqe is in any of these status, it should not have any700            # unfinished agent before it can be aborted.701            agents = dispatcher.get_agents_for_entry(self)702            # Agent with finished task can be left behind. This is added to703            # handle the special case of aborting hostless job in STARTING704            # status, in which the agent has only a HostlessQueueTask705            # associated. The finished HostlessQueueTask will be cleaned up in706            # the next tick, so it's safe to leave the agent there. Without707            # filtering out finished agent, HQE abort won't be able to proceed.708            assert all([agent.is_done() for agent in agents])709            # If hqe is still in STARTING status, it may not have assigned a710            # host yet.711            if self.host:712                self.host.set_status(models.Host.Status.READY)713        elif (self.status == Status.VERIFYING or714              self.status == Status.RESETTING):715            models.SpecialTask.objects.create(716                    task=models.SpecialTask.Task.CLEANUP,717                    host=models.Host.objects.get(id=self.host.id),718                    requested_by=self.job.owner_model())719        elif self.status == Status.PROVISIONING:720            models.SpecialTask.objects.create(721                    task=models.SpecialTask.Task.REPAIR,722                    host=models.Host.objects.get(id=self.host.id),723                    requested_by=self.job.owner_model())724        self.set_status(Status.ABORTED)725    def execution_tag(self):726        SQL_SUSPECT_ENTRIES = ('SELECT * FROM afe_host_queue_entries WHERE '727                               'complete!=1 AND execution_subdir="" AND '728                               'status!="Queued";')729        SQL_FIX_SUSPECT_ENTRY = ('UPDATE afe_host_queue_entries SET '730                                 'status="Aborted" WHERE id=%s;')731        try:732            assert self.execution_subdir733        except AssertionError:734            # TODO(scottz): Remove temporary fix/info gathering pathway for735            # crosbug.com/31595 once issue is root caused.736            logging.error('No execution_subdir for host queue id:%s.', self.id)737            logging.error('====DB DEBUG====\n%s', SQL_SUSPECT_ENTRIES)738            for row in _db.execute(SQL_SUSPECT_ENTRIES):739                logging.error(row)740            logging.error('====DB DEBUG====\n')741            fix_query = SQL_FIX_SUSPECT_ENTRY % self.id742            logging.error('EXECUTING: %s', fix_query)743            _db.execute(SQL_FIX_SUSPECT_ENTRY % self.id)744            raise AssertionError(('self.execution_subdir not found. '745                                  'See log for details.'))746        return "%s/%s" % (self.job.tag(), self.execution_subdir)747    def execution_path(self):748        return self.execution_tag()749    def set_started_on_now(self):750        self.update_field('started_on', datetime.datetime.now())751    def set_finished_on_now(self):752        self.update_field('finished_on', datetime.datetime.now())753    def is_hostless(self):754        return (self.host_id is None755                and self.meta_host is None)756def hqe_trace_id(hqe_id):757    """Constructs the canonical trace id based on the HQE's id.758    Encodes 'HQE' in base16 and concatenates with the hex representation759    of the HQE's id.760    @param hqe_id: The HostQueueEntry's id.761    Returns:762        A trace id (in hex format)763    """764    return base64.b16encode('HQE') + hex(hqe_id)[2:]765class Job(DBObject):766    _table_name = 'afe_jobs'767    _fields = ('id', 'owner', 'name', 'priority', 'control_file',768               'control_type', 'created_on', 'synch_count', 'timeout',769               'run_verify', 'email_list', 'reboot_before', 'reboot_after',770               'parse_failed_repair', 'max_runtime_hrs', 'drone_set_id',771               'parameterized_job_id', 'max_runtime_mins', 'parent_job_id',772               'test_retry', 'run_reset', 'timeout_mins', 'shard_id',773               'require_ssp')774    # TODO(gps): On scheduler start/recovery we need to call HQE.on_pending() on775    # all status='Pending' atomic group HQEs incase a delay was running when the776    # scheduler was restarted and no more hosts ever successfully exit Verify.777    def __init__(self, id=None, row=None, **kwargs):778        assert id or row779        super(Job, self).__init__(id=id, row=row, **kwargs)780        self._owner_model = None # caches model instance of owner781        self.update_image_path = None # path of OS image to install782    def model(self):783        return models.Job.objects.get(id=self.id)784    def owner_model(self):785        # work around the fact that the Job owner field is a string, not a786        # foreign key787        if not self._owner_model:788            self._owner_model = models.User.objects.get(login=self.owner)789        return self._owner_model790    def tag(self):791        return "%s-%s" % (self.id, self.owner)792    def get_execution_details(self):793        """794        Get test execution details for this job.795        @return: Dictionary with test execution details796        """797        def _find_test_jobs(rows):798            """799            Here we are looking for tests such as SERVER_JOB and CLIENT_JOB.*800            Those are autotest 'internal job' tests, so they should not be801            counted when evaluating the test stats.802            @param rows: List of rows (matrix) with database results.803            """804            job_test_pattern = re.compile('SERVER|CLIENT\\_JOB\.[\d]')805            n_test_jobs = 0806            for r in rows:807                test_name = r[0]808                if job_test_pattern.match(test_name):809                    n_test_jobs += 1810            return n_test_jobs811        stats = {}812        rows = _db.execute("""813                SELECT t.test, s.word, t.reason814                FROM tko_tests AS t, tko_jobs AS j, tko_status AS s815                WHERE t.job_idx = j.job_idx816                AND s.status_idx = t.status817                AND j.afe_job_id = %s818                ORDER BY t.reason819                """ % self.id)820        failed_rows = [r for r in rows if not r[1] == 'GOOD']821        n_test_jobs = _find_test_jobs(rows)822        n_test_jobs_failed = _find_test_jobs(failed_rows)823        total_executed = len(rows) - n_test_jobs824        total_failed = len(failed_rows) - n_test_jobs_failed825        if total_executed > 0:826            success_rate = 100 - ((total_failed / float(total_executed)) * 100)827        else:828            success_rate = 0829        stats['total_executed'] = total_executed830        stats['total_failed'] = total_failed831        stats['total_passed'] = total_executed - total_failed832        stats['success_rate'] = success_rate833        status_header = ("Test Name", "Status", "Reason")834        if failed_rows:835            stats['failed_rows'] = utils.matrix_to_string(failed_rows,836                                                          status_header)837        else:838            stats['failed_rows'] = ''839        time_row = _db.execute("""840                   SELECT started_time, finished_time841                   FROM tko_jobs842                   WHERE afe_job_id = %s843                   """ % self.id)844        if time_row:845            t_begin, t_end = time_row[0]846            try:847                delta = t_end - t_begin848                minutes, seconds = divmod(delta.seconds, 60)849                hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)850                stats['execution_time'] = ("%02d:%02d:%02d" %851                                           (hours, minutes, seconds))852            # One of t_end or t_begin are None853            except TypeError:854                stats['execution_time'] = '(could not determine)'855        else:856            stats['execution_time'] = '(none)'857        return stats858    def keyval_dict(self):859        return self.model().keyval_dict()860    def _pending_count(self):861        """The number of HostQueueEntries for this job in the Pending state."""862        pending_entries = models.HostQueueEntry.objects.filter(863                job=self.id, status=models.HostQueueEntry.Status.PENDING)864        return pending_entries.count()865    def is_ready(self):866        pending_count = self._pending_count()867        ready = (pending_count >= self.synch_count)868        if not ready:869            logging.info(870                    'Job %s not ready: %s pending, %s required ',871                    self, pending_count, self.synch_count)872        return ready873    def num_machines(self, clause = None):874        sql = "job_id=%s" % self.id875        if clause:876            sql += " AND (%s)" % clause877        return self.count(sql, table='afe_host_queue_entries')878    def num_queued(self):879        return self.num_machines('not complete')880    def num_active(self):881        return self.num_machines('active')882    def num_complete(self):883        return self.num_machines('complete')884    def is_finished(self):885        return self.num_complete() == self.num_machines()886    def _not_yet_run_entries(self, include_active=True):887        if include_active:888          statuses = list(models.HostQueueEntry.PRE_JOB_STATUSES)889        else:890          statuses = list(models.HostQueueEntry.IDLE_PRE_JOB_STATUSES)891        return models.HostQueueEntry.objects.filter(job=self.id,892                                                    status__in=statuses)893    def _stop_all_entries(self):894        """Stops the job's inactive pre-job HQEs."""895        entries_to_stop = self._not_yet_run_entries(896            include_active=False)897        for child_entry in entries_to_stop:898            assert not child_entry.complete, (899                '%s status=%s, active=%s, complete=%s' %900                (child_entry.id, child_entry.status, child_entry.active,901                 child_entry.complete))902            if child_entry.status == models.HostQueueEntry.Status.PENDING:903                child_entry.host.status = models.Host.Status.READY904                child_entry.host.save()905            child_entry.status = models.HostQueueEntry.Status.STOPPED906            child_entry.save()907    def stop_if_necessary(self):908        not_yet_run = self._not_yet_run_entries()909        if not_yet_run.count() < self.synch_count:910            self._stop_all_entries()911    def _next_group_name(self):912        """@returns a directory name to use for the next host group results."""913        group_name = ''914        group_count_re = re.compile(r'%sgroup(\d+)' % re.escape(group_name))915        query = models.HostQueueEntry.objects.filter(916            job=self.id).values('execution_subdir').distinct()917        subdirs = (entry['execution_subdir'] for entry in query)918        group_matches = (group_count_re.match(subdir) for subdir in subdirs)919        ids = [int(match.group(1)) for match in group_matches if match]920        if ids:921            next_id = max(ids) + 1922        else:923            next_id = 0924        return '%sgroup%d' % (group_name, next_id)925    def get_group_entries(self, queue_entry_from_group):926        """927        @param queue_entry_from_group: A HostQueueEntry instance to find other928                group entries on this job for.929        @returns A list of HostQueueEntry objects all executing this job as930                part of the same group as the one supplied (having the same931                execution_subdir).932        """933        execution_subdir = queue_entry_from_group.execution_subdir934        return list(HostQueueEntry.fetch(935            where='job_id=%s AND execution_subdir=%s',936            params=(self.id, execution_subdir)))937    def _should_run_cleanup(self, queue_entry):938        if self.reboot_before == model_attributes.RebootBefore.ALWAYS:939            return True940        elif self.reboot_before == model_attributes.RebootBefore.IF_DIRTY:941            return queue_entry.host.dirty942        return False943    def _should_run_verify(self, queue_entry):944        do_not_verify = (queue_entry.host.protection ==945                         host_protections.Protection.DO_NOT_VERIFY)946        if do_not_verify:947            return False948        # If RebootBefore is set to NEVER, then we won't run reset because949        # we can't cleanup, so we need to weaken a Reset into a Verify.950        weaker_reset = (self.run_reset and951                self.reboot_before == model_attributes.RebootBefore.NEVER)952        return self.run_verify or weaker_reset953    def _should_run_reset(self, queue_entry):954        can_verify = (queue_entry.host.protection !=955                         host_protections.Protection.DO_NOT_VERIFY)956        can_reboot = self.reboot_before != model_attributes.RebootBefore.NEVER957        return (can_reboot and can_verify and (self.run_reset or958                (self._should_run_cleanup(queue_entry) and959                 self._should_run_verify(queue_entry))))960    def _should_run_provision(self, queue_entry):961        """962        Determine if the queue_entry needs to have a provision task run before963        it to provision queue_entry.host.964        @param queue_entry: The host queue entry in question.965        @returns: True if we should schedule a provision task, False otherwise.966        """967        # If we get to this point, it means that the scheduler has already968        # vetted that all the unprovisionable labels match, so we can just969        # find all labels on the job that aren't on the host to get the list970        # of what we need to provision.  (See the scheduling logic in971        # host_scheduler.py:is_host_eligable_for_job() where we discard all972        # actionable labels when assigning jobs to hosts.)973        job_labels = {x.name for x in queue_entry.get_labels()}974        # Skip provision if `skip_provision` is listed in the job labels.975        if provision.SKIP_PROVISION in job_labels:976            return False977        _, host_labels = queue_entry.host.platform_and_labels()978        # If there are any labels on the job that are not on the host and they979        # are labels that provisioning knows how to change, then that means980        # there is provisioning work to do.  If there's no provisioning work to981        # do, then obviously we have no reason to schedule a provision task!982        diff = job_labels - set(host_labels)983        if any([provision.Provision.acts_on(x) for x in diff]):984            return True985        return False986    def _queue_special_task(self, queue_entry, task):987        """988        Create a special task and associate it with a host queue entry.989        @param queue_entry: The queue entry this special task should be990                            associated with.991        @param task: One of the members of the enum models.SpecialTask.Task.992        @returns: None993        """994        models.SpecialTask.objects.create(995                host=models.Host.objects.get(id=queue_entry.host_id),996                queue_entry=queue_entry, task=task)997    def schedule_pre_job_tasks(self, queue_entry):998        """999        Queue all of the special tasks that need to be run before a host1000        queue entry may run.1001        If no special taskes need to be scheduled, then |on_pending| will be1002        called directly.1003        @returns None1004        """1005        task_queued = False1006        hqe_model = models.HostQueueEntry.objects.get(id=queue_entry.id)1007        if self._should_run_provision(queue_entry):1008            self._queue_special_task(hqe_model,1009                                     models.SpecialTask.Task.PROVISION)1010            task_queued = True1011        elif self._should_run_reset(queue_entry):1012            self._queue_special_task(hqe_model, models.SpecialTask.Task.RESET)1013            task_queued = True1014        else:1015            if self._should_run_cleanup(queue_entry):1016                self._queue_special_task(hqe_model,1017                                         models.SpecialTask.Task.CLEANUP)1018                task_queued = True1019            if self._should_run_verify(queue_entry):1020                self._queue_special_task(hqe_model,1021                                         models.SpecialTask.Task.VERIFY)1022                task_queued = True1023        if not task_queued:1024            queue_entry.on_pending()1025    def _assign_new_group(self, queue_entries):1026        if len(queue_entries) == 1:1027            group_subdir_name = queue_entries[0].host.hostname1028        else:1029            group_subdir_name = self._next_group_name()1030            logging.info('Running synchronous job %d hosts %s as %s',1031                self.id, [entry.host.hostname for entry in queue_entries],1032                group_subdir_name)1033        for queue_entry in queue_entries:1034            queue_entry.set_execution_subdir(group_subdir_name)1035    def _choose_group_to_run(self, include_queue_entry):1036        """1037        @returns A tuple containing a list of HostQueueEntry instances to be1038                used to run this Job, a string group name to suggest giving1039                to this job in the results database.1040        """1041        chosen_entries = [include_queue_entry]1042        num_entries_wanted = self.synch_count1043        num_entries_wanted -= len(chosen_entries)1044        if num_entries_wanted > 0:1045            where_clause = 'job_id = %s AND status = "Pending" AND id != %s'1046            pending_entries = list(HostQueueEntry.fetch(1047                     where=where_clause,1048                     params=(self.id, include_queue_entry.id)))...
Automation Testing Tutorials

Learn to execute automation testing from scratch with LambdaTest Learning Hub. Right from setting up the prerequisites to run your first automation test, to following best practices and diving deeper into advanced test scenarios. LambdaTest Learning Hubs compile a list of step-by-step guides to help you be proficient with different test automation frameworks i.e. Selenium, Cypress, TestNG etc.