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How to use runCmd method of gce Package

Best Syzkaller code snippet using gce.runCmd

syz-gce.go

Source:syz-gce.go

...266}267// Poll executes 'git pull' on syzkaller and all depenent packages.268// Returns syzkaller HEAD hash.269func (a *SyzkallerAction) Poll() (string, error) {270	if _, err := runCmd("", "go", "get", "-u", "-d", "github.com/google/syzkaller/syz-manager"); err != nil {271		return "", err272	}273	return gitRevision("gopath/src/github.com/google/syzkaller")274}275func (a *SyzkallerAction) Build() error {276	if _, err := runCmd("gopath/src/github.com/google/syzkaller", "make"); err != nil {277		return err278	}279	return nil280}281type DashboardAction struct {282	Dash *dashboard.Dashboard283}284func (a *DashboardAction) Name() string {285	return "dashboard"286}287func (a *DashboardAction) Poll() (hash string, err error) {288	patchesHash, err = a.Dash.PollPatches()289	return patchesHash, err290}291func (a *DashboardAction) Build() (err error) {292	patches, err = a.Dash.GetPatches()293	return294}295type LocalBuildAction struct {296	Dir          string297	Repo         string298	Branch       string299	Compiler     string300	UserspaceDir string301	ImagePath    string302	ImageName    string303}304func (a *LocalBuildAction) Name() string {305	return "kernel"306}307func (a *LocalBuildAction) Poll() (string, error) {308	dir := filepath.Join(a.Dir, "linux")309	runCmd(dir, "git", "reset", "--hard")310	if _, err := runCmd(dir, "git", "pull"); err != nil {311		if err := os.RemoveAll(dir); err != nil {312			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to remove repo dir: %v", err)313		}314		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {315			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create repo dir: %v", err)316		}317		if _, err := runCmd("", "git", "clone", a.Repo, dir); err != nil {318			return "", err319		}320		if _, err := runCmd(dir, "git", "pull"); err != nil {321			return "", err322		}323	}324	if a.Branch != "" {325		if _, err := runCmd(dir, "git", "checkout", a.Branch); err != nil {326			return "", err327		}328	}329	rev, err := gitRevision(dir)330	if err != nil {331		return "", err332	}333	if patchesHash != "" {334		rev += "/" + patchesHash335	}336	return rev, nil337}338func (a *LocalBuildAction) Build() error {339	dir := filepath.Join(a.Dir, "linux")340	hash, err := gitRevision(dir)341	if err != nil {342		return err343	}344	for _, p := range patches {345		if err := a.apply(p); err != nil {346			return err347		}348	}349	Logf(0, "building kernel on %v...", hash)350	if err := buildKernel(dir, a.Compiler); err != nil {351		return fmt.Errorf("build failed: %v", err)352	}353	scriptFile := filepath.Join(a.Dir, "create-gce-image.sh")354	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(scriptFile, []byte(createImageScript), 0700); err != nil {355		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write script file: %v", err)356	}357	Logf(0, "building image...")358	vmlinux := filepath.Join(dir, "vmlinux")359	bzImage := filepath.Join(dir, "arch/x86/boot/bzImage")360	if _, err := runCmd(a.Dir, scriptFile, a.UserspaceDir, bzImage, vmlinux, hash); err != nil {361		return fmt.Errorf("image build failed: %v", err)362	}363	os.Remove(filepath.Join(a.Dir, "disk.raw"))364	os.Remove(filepath.Join(a.Dir, "image.tar.gz"))365	os.MkdirAll("image/obj", 0700)366	if err := ioutil.WriteFile("image/tag", []byte(hash), 0600); err != nil {367		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write tag file: %v", err)368	}369	if err := os.Rename(filepath.Join(a.Dir, "key"), "image/key"); err != nil {370		return fmt.Errorf("failed to rename key file: %v", err)371	}372	if err := os.Rename(vmlinux, "image/obj/vmlinux"); err != nil {373		return fmt.Errorf("failed to rename vmlinux file: %v", err)374	}375	if err := createImage(filepath.Join(a.Dir, "disk.tar.gz"), a.ImagePath, a.ImageName); err != nil {376		return err377	}378	return nil379}380func (a *LocalBuildAction) apply(p dashboard.Patch) error {381	// Do --dry-run first to not mess with partially consistent state.382	cmd := exec.Command("patch", "-p1", "--force", "--ignore-whitespace", "--dry-run")383	cmd.Dir = filepath.Join(a.Dir, "linux")384	cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewReader(p.Diff)385	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {386		// If it reverses clean, then it's already applied (seems to be the easiest way to detect it).387		cmd = exec.Command("patch", "-p1", "--force", "--ignore-whitespace", "--reverse", "--dry-run")388		cmd.Dir = filepath.Join(a.Dir, "linux")389		cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewReader(p.Diff)390		if _, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err == nil {391			Logf(0, "patch already present: %v", p.Title)392			return nil393		}394		Logf(0, "patch failed: %v\n%s", p.Title, output)395		return nil396	}397	// Now apply for real.398	cmd = exec.Command("patch", "-p1", "--force", "--ignore-whitespace")399	cmd.Dir = filepath.Join(a.Dir, "linux")400	cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewReader(p.Diff)401	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {402		return fmt.Errorf("patch '%v' failed after dry run:\n%s", p.Title, output)403	}404	Logf(0, "patch applied: %v", p.Title)405	return nil406}407type GCSImageAction struct {408	ImageArchive string409	ImagePath    string410	ImageName    string411	handle *storage.ObjectHandle412}413func (a *GCSImageAction) Name() string {414	return "GCS image"415}416func (a *GCSImageAction) Poll() (string, error) {417	pos := strings.IndexByte(a.ImageArchive, '/')418	if pos == -1 {419		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid GCS file name: %v", a.ImageArchive)420	}421	bkt := storageClient.Bucket(a.ImageArchive[:pos])422	f := bkt.Object(a.ImageArchive[pos+1:])423	attrs, err := f.Attrs(ctx)424	if err != nil {425		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read %v attributes: %v", a.ImageArchive, err)426	}427	if !attrs.Deleted.IsZero() {428		return "", fmt.Errorf("file %v is deleted", a.ImageArchive)429	}430	a.handle = f.If(storage.Conditions{431		GenerationMatch:     attrs.Generation,432		MetagenerationMatch: attrs.MetaGeneration,433	})434	return attrs.Updated.Format(time.RFC1123Z), nil435}436func (a *GCSImageAction) Build() error {437	Logf(0, "downloading image archive...")438	if err := os.RemoveAll("image"); err != nil {439		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove image dir: %v", err)440	}441	if err := downloadAndExtract(a.handle, "image"); err != nil {442		return fmt.Errorf("failed to download and extract %v: %v", a.ImageArchive, err)443	}444	if err := createImage("image/disk.tar.gz", a.ImagePath, a.ImageName); err != nil {445		return err446	}447	return nil448}449func readConfig(filename string) *Config {450	if filename == "" {451		Fatalf("supply config in -config flag")452	}453	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)454	if err != nil {455		Fatalf("failed to read config file: %v", err)456	}457	cfg := new(Config)458	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, cfg); err != nil {459		Fatalf("failed to parse config file: %v", err)460	}461	return cfg462}463func writeManagerConfig(cfg *Config, httpPort int, file string) error {464	tag, err := ioutil.ReadFile("image/tag")465	if err != nil {466		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read tag file: %v", err)467	}468	if len(tag) != 0 && tag[len(tag)-1] == '\n' {469		tag = tag[:len(tag)-1]470	}471	managerCfg := &config.Config{472		Name:             cfg.Name,473		Hub_Addr:         cfg.Hub_Addr,474		Hub_Key:          cfg.Hub_Key,475		Dashboard_Addr:   cfg.Dashboard_Addr,476		Dashboard_Key:    cfg.Dashboard_Key,477		Http:             fmt.Sprintf(":%v", httpPort),478		Rpc:              ":0",479		Workdir:          "workdir",480		Vmlinux:          "image/obj/vmlinux",481		Tag:              string(tag),482		Syzkaller:        "gopath/src/github.com/google/syzkaller",483		Type:             "gce",484		Machine_Type:     cfg.Machine_Type,485		Count:            cfg.Machine_Count,486		Image:            cfg.Image_Name,487		Sandbox:          cfg.Sandbox,488		Procs:            cfg.Procs,489		Enable_Syscalls:  cfg.Enable_Syscalls,490		Disable_Syscalls: cfg.Disable_Syscalls,491		Cover:            true,492	}493	if _, err := os.Stat("image/key"); err == nil {494		managerCfg.Sshkey = "image/key"495	}496	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(managerCfg, "", "\t")497	if err != nil {498		return err499	}500	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(file, data, 0600); err != nil {501		return err502	}503	return nil504}505func chooseUnusedPort() (int, error) {506	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp4", ":")507	if err != nil {508		return 0, err509	}510	port := ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port511	ln.Close()512	return port, nil513}514func downloadAndExtract(f *storage.ObjectHandle, dir string) error {515	r, err := f.NewReader(ctx)516	if err != nil {517		return err518	}519	defer r.Close()520	gz, err := gzip.NewReader(r)521	if err != nil {522		return err523	}524	files := make(map[string]bool)525	ar := tar.NewReader(gz)526	for {527		hdr, err := ar.Next()528		if err == io.EOF {529			break530		}531		if err != nil {532			return err533		}534		Logf(0, "extracting file: %v (%v bytes)", hdr.Name, hdr.Size)535		if len(hdr.Name) == 0 || hdr.Name[len(hdr.Name)-1] == '/' {536			continue537		}538		files[filepath.Clean(hdr.Name)] = true539		base, file := filepath.Split(hdr.Name)540		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, base), 0700); err != nil {541			return err542		}543		dst, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(dir, base, file), os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0600)544		if err != nil {545			return err546		}547		_, err = io.Copy(dst, ar)548		dst.Close()549		if err != nil {550			return err551		}552	}553	for _, need := range []string{"disk.tar.gz", "tag", "obj/vmlinux"} {554		if !files[need] {555			return fmt.Errorf("archive misses required file '%v'", need)556		}557	}558	return nil559}560func createImage(localFile, gcsFile, imageName string) error {561	Logf(0, "uploading image...")562	if err := uploadFile(localFile, gcsFile); err != nil {563		return fmt.Errorf("failed to upload image: %v", err)564	}565	Logf(0, "creating gce image...")566	if err := GCE.DeleteImage(imageName); err != nil {567		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete GCE image: %v", err)568	}569	if err := GCE.CreateImage(imageName, gcsFile); err != nil {570		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create GCE image: %v", err)571	}572	return nil573}574func uploadFile(localFile, gcsFile string) error {575	local, err := os.Open(localFile)576	if err != nil {577		return err578	}579	defer local.Close()580	pos := strings.IndexByte(gcsFile, '/')581	if pos == -1 {582		return fmt.Errorf("invalid GCS file name: %v", gcsFile)583	}584	bkt := storageClient.Bucket(gcsFile[:pos])585	f := bkt.Object(gcsFile[pos+1:])586	w := f.NewWriter(ctx)587	defer w.Close()588	io.Copy(w, local)589	return nil590}591func gitRevision(dir string) (string, error) {592	output, err := runCmd(dir, "git", "log", "--pretty=format:'%H'", "-n", "1")593	if err != nil {594		return "", err595	}596	if len(output) != 0 && output[len(output)-1] == '\n' {597		output = output[:len(output)-1]598	}599	if len(output) != 0 && output[0] == '\'' && output[len(output)-1] == '\'' {600		output = output[1 : len(output)-1]601	}602	if len(output) != 40 {603		return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected git log output, want commit hash: %q", output)604	}605	return string(output), nil606}607func buildKernel(dir, ccompiler string) error {608	os.Remove(filepath.Join(dir, ".config"))609	if _, err := runCmd(dir, "make", "defconfig"); err != nil {610		return err611	}612	if _, err := runCmd(dir, "make", "kvmconfig"); err != nil {613		return err614	}615	configFile := filepath.Join(dir, "syz.config")616	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(configFile, []byte(syzconfig), 0600); err != nil {617		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write config file: %v", err)618	}619	if _, err := runCmd(dir, "scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh", "-n", ".config", configFile); err != nil {620		return err621	}622	if _, err := runCmd(dir, "make", "olddefconfig"); err != nil {623		return err624	}625	if _, err := runCmd(dir, "make", "-j", strconv.Itoa(runtime.NumCPU()*2), "CC="+ccompiler); err != nil {626		return err627	}628	return nil629}630func runCmd(dir, bin string, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {631	cmd := exec.Command(bin, args...)632	cmd.Dir = dir633	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()634	if err != nil {635		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run %v %+v: %v\n%s", bin, args, err, output)636	}637	return output, nil638}639func abs(wd, path string) string {640	if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {641		path = filepath.Join(wd, path)642	}643	return path644}...

nodes_util.go

Source:nodes_util.go

1/*2Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors.3Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");4you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.5You may obtain a copy of the License at6    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.07Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software8distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,9WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.10See the License for the specific language governing permissions and11limitations under the License.12*/13package framework14import (15	"fmt"16	"path"17	"strings"18	"time"19	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"20	clientset "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/clientset_generated/internalclientset"21	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/fields"22	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/wait"23)24// The following upgrade functions are passed into the framework below and used25// to do the actual upgrades.26var MasterUpgrade = func(v string) error {27	switch TestContext.Provider {28	case "gce":29		return masterUpgradeGCE(v)30	case "gke":31		return masterUpgradeGKE(v)32	default:33		return fmt.Errorf("MasterUpgrade() is not implemented for provider %s", TestContext.Provider)34	}35}36func masterUpgradeGCE(rawV string) error {37	v := "v" + rawV38	_, _, err := RunCmd(path.Join(TestContext.RepoRoot, "cluster/gce/upgrade.sh"), "-M", v)39	return err40}41func masterUpgradeGKE(v string) error {42	Logf("Upgrading master to %q", v)43	_, _, err := RunCmd("gcloud", "container",44		"clusters",45		fmt.Sprintf("--project=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.ProjectID),46		fmt.Sprintf("--zone=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.Zone),47		"upgrade",48		TestContext.CloudConfig.Cluster,49		"--master",50		fmt.Sprintf("--cluster-version=%s", v),51		"--quiet")52	return err53}54var NodeUpgrade = func(f *Framework, v string, img string) error {55	// Perform the upgrade.56	var err error57	switch TestContext.Provider {58	case "gce":59		// TODO(maisem): add GCE support for upgrading to different images.60		err = nodeUpgradeGCE(v)61	case "gke":62		err = nodeUpgradeGKE(v, img)63	default:64		err = fmt.Errorf("NodeUpgrade() is not implemented for provider %s", TestContext.Provider)65	}66	if err != nil {67		return err68	}69	// Wait for it to complete and validate nodes are healthy.70	//71	// TODO(ihmccreery) We shouldn't have to wait for nodes to be ready in72	// GKE; the operation shouldn't return until they all are.73	Logf("Waiting up to %v for all nodes to be ready after the upgrade", RestartNodeReadyAgainTimeout)74	if _, err := CheckNodesReady(f.ClientSet, RestartNodeReadyAgainTimeout, TestContext.CloudConfig.NumNodes); err != nil {75		return err76	}77	return nil78}79func nodeUpgradeGCE(rawV string) error {80	v := "v" + rawV81	_, _, err := RunCmd(path.Join(TestContext.RepoRoot, "cluster/gce/upgrade.sh"), "-N", v)82	return err83}84func cleanupNodeUpgradeGCE(tmplBefore string) {85	Logf("Cleaning up any unused node templates")86	tmplAfter, err := MigTemplate()87	if err != nil {88		Logf("Could not get node template post-upgrade; may have leaked template %s", tmplBefore)89		return90	}91	if tmplBefore == tmplAfter {92		// The node upgrade failed so there's no need to delete93		// anything.94		Logf("Node template %s is still in use; not cleaning up", tmplBefore)95		return96	}97	Logf("Deleting node template %s", tmplBefore)98	if _, _, err := retryCmd("gcloud", "compute", "instance-templates",99		fmt.Sprintf("--project=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.ProjectID),100		"delete",101		tmplBefore); err != nil {102		Logf("gcloud compute instance-templates delete %s call failed with err: %v", tmplBefore, err)103		Logf("May have leaked instance template %q", tmplBefore)104	}105}106func nodeUpgradeGKE(v string, img string) error {107	Logf("Upgrading nodes to version %q and image %q", v, img)108	args := []string{109		"container",110		"clusters",111		fmt.Sprintf("--project=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.ProjectID),112		fmt.Sprintf("--zone=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.Zone),113		"upgrade",114		TestContext.CloudConfig.Cluster,115		fmt.Sprintf("--cluster-version=%s", v),116		"--quiet",117	}118	if len(img) > 0 {119		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--image-type=%s", img))120	}121	_, _, err := RunCmd("gcloud", args...)122	return err123}124// CheckNodesReady waits up to nt for expect nodes accessed by c to be ready,125// returning an error if this doesn't happen in time. It returns the names of126// nodes it finds.127func CheckNodesReady(c clientset.Interface, nt time.Duration, expect int) ([]string, error) {128	// First, keep getting all of the nodes until we get the number we expect.129	var nodeList *api.NodeList130	var errLast error131	start := time.Now()132	found := wait.Poll(Poll, nt, func() (bool, error) {133		// A rolling-update (GCE/GKE implementation of restart) can complete before the apiserver134		// knows about all of the nodes. Thus, we retry the list nodes call135		// until we get the expected number of nodes.136		nodeList, errLast = c.Core().Nodes().List(api.ListOptions{137			FieldSelector: fields.Set{"spec.unschedulable": "false"}.AsSelector()})138		if errLast != nil {139			return false, nil140		}141		if len(nodeList.Items) != expect {142			errLast = fmt.Errorf("expected to find %d nodes but found only %d (%v elapsed)",143				expect, len(nodeList.Items), time.Since(start))144			Logf("%v", errLast)145			return false, nil146		}147		return true, nil148	}) == nil149	nodeNames := make([]string, len(nodeList.Items))150	for i, n := range nodeList.Items {151		nodeNames[i] = n.ObjectMeta.Name152	}153	if !found {154		return nodeNames, fmt.Errorf("couldn't find %d nodes within %v; last error: %v",155			expect, nt, errLast)156	}157	Logf("Successfully found %d nodes", expect)158	// Next, ensure in parallel that all the nodes are ready. We subtract the159	// time we spent waiting above.160	timeout := nt - time.Since(start)161	result := make(chan bool, len(nodeList.Items))162	for _, n := range nodeNames {163		n := n164		go func() { result <- WaitForNodeToBeReady(c, n, timeout) }()165	}166	failed := false167	// TODO(mbforbes): Change to `for range` syntax once we support only Go168	// >= 1.4.169	for i := range nodeList.Items {170		_ = i171		if !<-result {172			failed = true173		}174	}175	if failed {176		return nodeNames, fmt.Errorf("at least one node failed to be ready")177	}178	return nodeNames, nil179}180// MigTemplate (GCE-only) returns the name of the MIG template that the181// nodes of the cluster use.182func MigTemplate() (string, error) {183	var errLast error184	var templ string185	key := "instanceTemplate"186	if wait.Poll(Poll, SingleCallTimeout, func() (bool, error) {187		// TODO(mikedanese): make this hit the compute API directly instead of188		// shelling out to gcloud.189		// An `instance-groups managed describe` call outputs what we want to stdout.190		output, _, err := retryCmd("gcloud", "compute", "instance-groups", "managed",191			fmt.Sprintf("--project=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.ProjectID),192			"describe",193			fmt.Sprintf("--zone=%s", TestContext.CloudConfig.Zone),194			TestContext.CloudConfig.NodeInstanceGroup)195		if err != nil {196			errLast = fmt.Errorf("gcloud compute instance-groups managed describe call failed with err: %v", err)197			return false, nil198		}199		// The 'describe' call probably succeeded; parse the output and try to200		// find the line that looks like "instanceTemplate: url/to/<templ>" and201		// return <templ>.202		if val := ParseKVLines(output, key); len(val) > 0 {203			url := strings.Split(val, "/")204			templ = url[len(url)-1]205			Logf("MIG group %s using template: %s", TestContext.CloudConfig.NodeInstanceGroup, templ)206			return true, nil207		}208		errLast = fmt.Errorf("couldn't find %s in output to get MIG template. Output: %s", key, output)209		return false, nil210	}) != nil {211		return "", fmt.Errorf("MigTemplate() failed with last error: %v", errLast)212	}213	return templ, nil214}...

gce.go

Source:gce.go

...16var Cmd = &cobra.Command{17	Use: "gce",18}19func init() {20	Cmd.AddCommand(runCmd)21}22var runCmd = &cobra.Command{23	Use: "run",24	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {25		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())26		ctx = util.SignalContext(ctx, time.Second*5, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)27		defer cancel()28		conf := config.DefaultConfig()29		// Check that this is a GCE VM environment.30		// If not, fail.31		meta, merr := gce.LoadMetadata()32		if merr != nil {33			return fmt.Errorf("can't find GCE metadata. This command requires a GCE environment")34		}35		var err error36		conf, err = gce.WithMetadataConfig(conf, meta)...

runCmd

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2type gce struct {3}4func (g gce) runCmd(cmd string) {5    fmt.Println("Running command on GCE instance")6}7type aws struct {8}9func (a aws) runCmd(cmd string) {10    fmt.Println("Running command on AWS instance")11}12type azure struct {13}14func (a azure) runCmd(cmd string) {15    fmt.Println("Running command on Azure instance")16}17func main() {18    g := gce{name: "gce1", ip: "

runCmd

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2func main() {3    ctx := context.Background()4    client, err := google.DefaultClient(ctx, compute.ComputeScope)5    if err != nil {6        log.Fatal(err)7    }8    service, err := compute.New(client)9    if err != nil {10        log.Fatal(err)11    }12    g := gce{service, project, zone, instance}13    output, err := g.runCmd(cmd)14    if err != nil {15        log.Fatal(err)16    }17    fmt.Println(output)18}19import (20type gce struct {21}22func (g gce) runCmd(cmd string) (string, error) {23        Do()24    if err != nil {25    }26    if op.Contents == "" {27        return "", fmt.Errorf("no output from instance")28    }29        Do()30    if err != nil {31    }32    for {33            Do()34        if err != nil {35        }36        if op.Status == "DONE" {37        }38    }39        Do()40    if err != nil {41    }42    if op.Contents == "" {43        return "", fmt.Errorf("no output from instance")44    }

runCmd

Using AI Code Generation

1import (2type GCE struct {3}4func (gce *GCE) runCmd(command string, args ...string) {5    gce.cmd = exec.Command(command, args...)6    err := gce.cmd.Run()7    if err != nil {8        log.Fatal(err)9    }10}11func main() {12    gce := &GCE{13    }14    gce.runCmd("gcloud", "compute", "instances", "create", gce.Instance, "--image", gce.Image, "--zone", gce.Zone, "--project", gce.ProjectID)15    fmt.Println("done")16}17import (18type GCE struct {19}20func (gce *GCE) runCmd(command string, args ...string) {21    gce.cmd = exec.Command(command, args...)22    err := gce.cmd.Run()23    if err != nil {24        log.Fatal(err)25    }26}27func main() {28    gce := &GCE{29    }30    gce.runCmd("gcloud", "compute", "instances", "create", gce.Instance, "--image", gce.Image, "--zone", gce.Zone, "--project", gce.ProjectID)31    fmt.Println("done")32}

runCmd

Using AI Code Generation

1func main() {2  gce.runCmd("ls")3}4func (gce gce) runCmd(cmd string) {5}6func main() {7  gce.runCmd("ls")8}9./2.go:13: gce.runCmd undefined (type gce has no field or method runCmd)10import (11func main() {12    err := ioutil.WriteFile(file, []byte(data), 0644)13    if err != nil {14        fmt.Println("Error writing file")15    }16}17import (18func main() {19    cmd := exec.Command("ls")20    err := cmd.Run()21    if err != nil {22        fmt.Println("Error running command")23    }24}25import (

Automation Testing Tutorials

Learn to execute automation testing from scratch with LambdaTest Learning Hub. Right from setting up the prerequisites to run your first automation test, to following best practices and diving deeper into advanced test scenarios. LambdaTest Learning Hubs compile a list of step-by-step guides to help you be proficient with different test automation frameworks i.e. Selenium, Cypress, TestNG etc.