TestMu Conference is Back! Future of Testing + AIHow to use ssh method of gce Package
Best Syzkaller code snippet using gce.ssh
gce.go
Source:gce.go 
...47 GCE *gce.Context48 debug bool49 name string50 ip string51 gceKey string // per-instance private ssh key associated with the instance52 sshKey string // ssh key53 sshUser string54 closed chan bool55}56func ctor(env *vmimpl.Env) (vmimpl.Pool, error) {57 if env.Name == "" {58 return nil, fmt.Errorf("config param name is empty (required for GCE)")59 }60 cfg := &Config{61 Count: 1,62 }63 if err := config.LoadData(env.Config, cfg); err != nil {64 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse gce vm config: %v", err)65 }66 if cfg.Count < 1 || cfg.Count > 1000 {67 return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid config param count: %v, want [1, 1000]", cfg.Count)68 }69 if env.Debug {70 cfg.Count = 171 }72 if cfg.Machine_Type == "" {73 return nil, fmt.Errorf("machine_type parameter is empty")74 }75 if cfg.GCE_Image == "" && cfg.GCS_Path == "" {76 return nil, fmt.Errorf("gcs_path parameter is empty")77 }78 if cfg.GCE_Image == "" && env.Image == "" {79 return nil, fmt.Errorf("config param image is empty (required for GCE)")80 }81 if cfg.GCE_Image != "" && env.Image != "" {82 return nil, fmt.Errorf("both image and gce_image are specified")83 }84 GCE, err := gce.NewContext()85 if err != nil {86 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init gce: %v", err)87 }88 Logf(0, "GCE initialized: running on %v, internal IP %v, project %v, zone %v, net %v/%v",89 GCE.Instance, GCE.InternalIP, GCE.ProjectID, GCE.ZoneID, GCE.Network, GCE.Subnetwork)90 if cfg.GCE_Image == "" {91 cfg.GCE_Image = env.Name92 gcsImage := filepath.Join(cfg.GCS_Path, env.Name+"-image.tar.gz")93 Logf(0, "uploading image to %v...", gcsImage)94 if err := uploadImageToGCS(env.Image, gcsImage); err != nil {95 return nil, err96 }97 Logf(0, "creating GCE image %v...", cfg.GCE_Image)98 if err := GCE.DeleteImage(cfg.GCE_Image); err != nil {99 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete GCE image: %v", err)100 }101 if err := GCE.CreateImage(cfg.GCE_Image, gcsImage); err != nil {102 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create GCE image: %v", err)103 }104 }105 pool := &Pool{106 cfg: cfg,107 env: env,108 GCE: GCE,109 }110 return pool, nil111}112func (pool *Pool) Count() int {113 return pool.cfg.Count114}115func (pool *Pool) Create(workdir string, index int) (vmimpl.Instance, error) {116 name := fmt.Sprintf("%v-%v", pool.env.Name, index)117 // Create SSH key for the instance.118 gceKey := filepath.Join(workdir, "key")119 keygen := osutil.Command("ssh-keygen", "-t", "rsa", "-b", "2048", "-N", "", "-C", "syzkaller", "-f", gceKey)120 if out, err := keygen.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {121 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to execute ssh-keygen: %v\n%s", err, out)122 }123 gceKeyPub, err := ioutil.ReadFile(gceKey + ".pub")124 if err != nil {125 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read file: %v", err)126 }127 Logf(0, "deleting instance: %v", name)128 if err := pool.GCE.DeleteInstance(name, true); err != nil {129 return nil, err130 }131 Logf(0, "creating instance: %v", name)132 ip, err := pool.GCE.CreateInstance(name, pool.cfg.Machine_Type, pool.cfg.GCE_Image, string(gceKeyPub))133 if err != nil {134 return nil, err135 }136 ok := false137 defer func() {138 if !ok {139 pool.GCE.DeleteInstance(name, true)140 }141 }()142 sshKey := pool.env.SSHKey143 sshUser := pool.env.SSHUser144 if sshKey == "" {145 // Assuming image supports GCE ssh fanciness.146 sshKey = gceKey147 sshUser = "syzkaller"148 }149 Logf(0, "wait instance to boot: %v (%v)", name, ip)150 if err := pool.waitInstanceBoot(name, ip, sshKey, sshUser, gceKey); err != nil {151 return nil, err152 }153 ok = true154 inst := &instance{155 env: pool.env,156 cfg: pool.cfg,157 debug: pool.env.Debug,158 GCE: pool.GCE,159 name: name,160 ip: ip,161 gceKey: gceKey,162 sshKey: sshKey,163 sshUser: sshUser,164 closed: make(chan bool),165 }166 return inst, nil167}168func (inst *instance) Close() {169 close(inst.closed)170 inst.GCE.DeleteInstance(inst.name, false)171}172func (inst *instance) Forward(port int) (string, error) {173 return fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", inst.GCE.InternalIP, port), nil174}175func (inst *instance) Copy(hostSrc string) (string, error) {176 vmDst := "./" + filepath.Base(hostSrc)177 args := append(sshArgs(inst.debug, inst.sshKey, "-P", 22), hostSrc, inst.sshUser+"@"+inst.ip+":"+vmDst)178 if _, err := runCmd(inst.debug, "scp", args...); err != nil {179 return "", err180 }181 return vmDst, nil182}183func (inst *instance) Run(timeout time.Duration, stop <-chan bool, command string) (<-chan []byte, <-chan error, error) {184 conRpipe, conWpipe, err := osutil.LongPipe()185 if err != nil {186 return nil, nil, err187 }188 conAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%v.%v.%v.syzkaller.port=1@ssh-serialport.googleapis.com",189 inst.GCE.ProjectID, inst.GCE.ZoneID, inst.name)190 conArgs := append(sshArgs(inst.debug, inst.gceKey, "-p", 9600), conAddr)191 con := osutil.Command("ssh", conArgs...)192 con.Env = []string{}193 con.Stdout = conWpipe194 con.Stderr = conWpipe195 if _, err := con.StdinPipe(); err != nil { // SSH would close connection on stdin EOF196 conRpipe.Close()197 conWpipe.Close()198 return nil, nil, err199 }200 if err := con.Start(); err != nil {201 conRpipe.Close()202 conWpipe.Close()203 return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to console server: %v", err)204 }205 conWpipe.Close()206 var tee io.Writer207 if inst.debug {208 tee = os.Stdout209 }210 merger := vmimpl.NewOutputMerger(tee)211 var decoder func(data []byte) (int, int, []byte)212 if inst.env.OS == "windows" {213 decoder = kd.Decode214 }215 merger.AddDecoder("console", conRpipe, decoder)216 // We've started the console reading ssh command, but it has not necessary connected yet.217 // If we proceed to running the target command right away, we can miss part218 // of console output. During repro we can crash machines very quickly and219 // would miss beginning of a crash. Before ssh starts piping console output,220 // it usually prints:221 // "serialport: Connected to ... port 1 (session ID: ..., active connections: 1)"222 // So we wait for this line, or at least a minute and at least some output.223 {224 var output []byte225 timeout := time.NewTimer(time.Minute)226 connectedMsg := []byte("serialport: Connected")227 permissionDeniedMsg := []byte("Permission denied (publickey)")228 loop:229 for {230 select {231 case out := <-merger.Output:232 output = append(output, out...)233 if bytes.Contains(output, connectedMsg) {234 // Just to make sure (otherwise we still see trimmed reports).235 time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)236 break loop237 }238 if bytes.Contains(output, permissionDeniedMsg) {239 // This is a GCE bug.240 break loop241 }242 case <-timeout.C:243 break loop244 }245 }246 timeout.Stop()247 if len(output) == 0 || bytes.Contains(output, permissionDeniedMsg) {248 con.Process.Kill()249 merger.Wait()250 return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no output from console or permission denied")251 }252 }253 sshRpipe, sshWpipe, err := osutil.LongPipe()254 if err != nil {255 con.Process.Kill()256 merger.Wait()257 sshRpipe.Close()258 return nil, nil, err259 }260 if inst.env.OS == "linux" {261 if inst.sshUser != "root" {262 command = fmt.Sprintf("sudo bash -c '%v'", command)263 }264 }265 args := append(sshArgs(inst.debug, inst.sshKey, "-p", 22), inst.sshUser+"@"+inst.ip, command)266 ssh := osutil.Command("ssh", args...)267 ssh.Stdout = sshWpipe268 ssh.Stderr = sshWpipe269 if err := ssh.Start(); err != nil {270 con.Process.Kill()271 merger.Wait()272 sshRpipe.Close()273 sshWpipe.Close()274 return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to instance: %v", err)275 }276 sshWpipe.Close()277 merger.Add("ssh", sshRpipe)278 errc := make(chan error, 1)279 signal := func(err error) {280 select {281 case errc <- err:282 default:283 }284 }285 go func() {286 select {287 case <-time.After(timeout):288 signal(vmimpl.ErrTimeout)289 case <-stop:290 signal(vmimpl.ErrTimeout)291 case <-inst.closed:292 signal(fmt.Errorf("instance closed"))293 case err := <-merger.Err:294 con.Process.Kill()295 ssh.Process.Kill()296 merger.Wait()297 con.Wait()298 if cmdErr := ssh.Wait(); cmdErr == nil {299 // If the command exited successfully, we got EOF error from merger.300 // But in this case no error has happened and the EOF is expected.301 err = nil302 } else if merr, ok := err.(vmimpl.MergerError); ok && merr.R == conRpipe {303 // Console connection must never fail. If it does, it's either304 // instance preemption or a GCE bug. In either case, not a kernel bug.305 Logf(1, "%v: gce console connection failed with %v", inst.name, merr.Err)306 err = vmimpl.ErrTimeout307 } else {308 // Check if the instance was terminated due to preemption or host maintenance.309 time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // just to avoid any GCE races310 if !inst.GCE.IsInstanceRunning(inst.name) {311 Logf(1, "%v: ssh exited but instance is not running", inst.name)312 err = vmimpl.ErrTimeout313 }314 }315 signal(err)316 return317 }318 con.Process.Kill()319 ssh.Process.Kill()320 merger.Wait()321 con.Wait()322 ssh.Wait()323 }()324 return merger.Output, errc, nil325}326func (pool *Pool) waitInstanceBoot(name, ip, sshKey, sshUser, gceKey string) error {327 pwd := "pwd"328 if pool.env.OS == "windows" {329 pwd = "dir"330 }331 for startTime := time.Now(); time.Since(startTime) < 5*time.Minute; {332 if !vmimpl.SleepInterruptible(5 * time.Second) {333 return fmt.Errorf("shutdown in progress")334 }335 args := append(sshArgs(pool.env.Debug, sshKey, "-p", 22), sshUser+"@"+ip, pwd)336 if _, err := runCmd(pool.env.Debug, "ssh", args...); err == nil {337 return nil338 }339 }340 output, err := pool.getSerialPortOutput(name, gceKey)341 if err != nil {342 output = []byte(fmt.Sprintf("failed to get boot output: %v", err))343 }344 return vmimpl.BootError{"can't ssh into the instance", output}345}346func (pool *Pool) getSerialPortOutput(name, gceKey string) ([]byte, error) {347 conRpipe, conWpipe, err := osutil.LongPipe()348 if err != nil {349 return nil, err350 }351 defer conRpipe.Close()352 defer conWpipe.Close()353 conAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%v.%v.%v.syzkaller.port=1.replay-lines=10000@ssh-serialport.googleapis.com",354 pool.GCE.ProjectID, pool.GCE.ZoneID, name)355 conArgs := append(sshArgs(pool.env.Debug, gceKey, "-p", 9600), conAddr)356 con := osutil.Command("ssh", conArgs...)357 con.Env = []string{}358 con.Stdout = conWpipe359 con.Stderr = conWpipe360 if _, err := con.StdinPipe(); err != nil { // SSH would close connection on stdin EOF361 return nil, err362 }363 if err := con.Start(); err != nil {364 return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to console server: %v", err)365 }366 conWpipe.Close()367 done := make(chan bool)368 go func() {369 timeout := time.NewTimer(time.Minute)370 defer timeout.Stop()371 select {372 case <-done:373 case <-timeout.C:374 }375 con.Process.Kill()376 }()377 var output []byte378 buf := make([]byte, 64<<10)379 for {380 n, err := conRpipe.Read(buf)381 if err != nil || n == 0 {382 break383 }384 output = append(output, buf[:n]...)385 }386 close(done)387 con.Wait()388 return output, nil389}390func uploadImageToGCS(localImage, gcsImage string) error {391 GCS, err := gcs.NewClient()392 if err != nil {393 return fmt.Errorf("failed to create GCS client: %v", err)394 }395 defer GCS.Close()396 localReader, err := os.Open(localImage)397 if err != nil {398 return fmt.Errorf("failed to open image file: %v", err)399 }400 defer localReader.Close()401 localStat, err := localReader.Stat()402 if err != nil {403 return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat image file: %v", err)404 }405 gcsWriter, err := GCS.FileWriter(gcsImage)406 if err != nil {407 return fmt.Errorf("failed to upload image: %v", err)408 }409 defer gcsWriter.Close()410 gzipWriter := gzip.NewWriter(gcsWriter)411 tarWriter := tar.NewWriter(gzipWriter)412 tarHeader := &tar.Header{413 Name: "disk.raw",414 Typeflag: tar.TypeReg,415 Mode: 0640,416 Size: localStat.Size(),417 ModTime: time.Now(),418 // This is hacky but we actually need these large uids.419 // GCE understands only the old GNU tar format and420 // there is no direct way to force tar package to use GNU format.421 // But these large numbers force tar to switch to GNU format.422 Uid: 100000000,423 Gid: 100000000,424 Uname: "syzkaller",425 Gname: "syzkaller",426 }427 if err := tarWriter.WriteHeader(tarHeader); err != nil {428 return fmt.Errorf("failed to write image tar header: %v", err)429 }430 if _, err := io.Copy(tarWriter, localReader); err != nil {431 return fmt.Errorf("failed to write image file: %v", err)432 }433 if err := tarWriter.Close(); err != nil {434 return fmt.Errorf("failed to write image file: %v", err)435 }436 if err := gzipWriter.Close(); err != nil {437 return fmt.Errorf("failed to write image file: %v", err)438 }439 if err := gcsWriter.Close(); err != nil {440 return fmt.Errorf("failed to write image file: %v", err)441 }442 return nil443}444func runCmd(debug bool, bin string, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {445 if debug {446 Logf(0, "running command: %v %#v", bin, args)447 }448 output, err := osutil.RunCmd(time.Minute, "", bin, args...)449 if debug {450 Logf(0, "result: %v\n%s", err, output)451 }452 return output, err453}454func sshArgs(debug bool, sshKey, portArg string, port int) []string {455 args := []string{456 portArg, fmt.Sprint(port),457 "-i", sshKey,458 "-F", "/dev/null",459 "-o", "UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null",460 "-o", "BatchMode=yes",461 "-o", "IdentitiesOnly=yes",462 "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=no",463 "-o", "ConnectTimeout=10",464 }465 if debug {466 args = append(args, "-v")467 }468 return args469}...
ssh
Using AI Code Generation
1import (2func main() {3 ctx := context.Background()4 computeService, err := compute.NewService(ctx)5 if err != nil {6 fmt.Println("Error creating client: %v", err)7 }8 instanceDetails, err := computeService.Instances.Get(project, zone, instance).Do()9 if err != nil {10 fmt.Println("Error getting instance details: %v", err)11 }12 fmt.Println("ssh key: ", sshKey)13}
ssh
Using AI Code Generation
1import (2type GCE struct {3}4func (g *GCE) GetInstanceIP() string {5 if g.InstanceIP != "" {6 }7 cmd := exec.Command("gcloud", "compute", "instances", "describe", g.InstanceName, "--zone", g.Zone, "--format=flattened")8 stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()9 if err != nil {10 log.Fatal(err)11 }12 if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {13 log.Fatal(err)14 }15 b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(stdout)16 if err != nil {17 log.Fatal(err)18 }19 if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {20 log.Fatal(err)21 }22 lines := strings.Split(string(b), "23 for _, line := range lines {24 if strings.HasPrefix(line, "natIP:") {25 g.InstanceIP = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "natIP:"))26 }27 }28}29func (g *GCE) GetInstanceStatus() string {30 if g.InstanceStatus != "" {31 }32 cmd := exec.Command("gcloud", "compute", "instances", "describe", g.InstanceName, "--zone", g.Zone, "--format=flattened")33 stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()34 if err != nil {35 log.Fatal(err)36 }37 if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {38 log.Fatal(err)39 }40 b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(stdout)41 if err != nil {42 log.Fatal(err)43 }44 if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {45 log.Fatal(err)46 }
ssh
Using AI Code Generation
1import (2func main() {3 usr, err := user.Current()4 if err != nil {5 log.Fatal(err)6 }7 pubKey, err := os.ReadFile(usr.HomeDir + "/.ssh/id_rsa.pub")8 if err != nil {9 log.Fatal(err)10 }11 privKey, err := os.ReadFile(usr.HomeDir + "/.ssh/id_rsa")12 if err != nil {13 log.Fatal(err)14 }15 signers, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(privKey)16 if err != nil {17 log.Fatal(err)18 }19 sshConfig := &ssh.ClientConfig{20 Auth: []ssh.AuthMethod{21 ssh.PublicKeys(signers),22 },23 HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),24 }25 sshConn, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", "
ssh
Using AI Code Generation
1import (2func main() {3 projectID, err := metadata.ProjectID()4 if err != nil {5 log.Fatal(err)6 }7 zone, err := metadata.Zone()8 if err != nil {9 log.Fatal(err)10 }11 instanceName, err := metadata.InstanceName()12 if err != nil {13 log.Fatal(err)14 }15 publicKey, err := metadata.Get("instance/attributes/publicKey")16 if err != nil {17 log.Fatal(err)18 }19 err = ioutil.WriteFile("publickey", []byte(publicKey), 0644)20 if err != nil {21 log.Fatal(err)22 }23 username, err := metadata.Get("instance/attributes/username")24 if err != nil {25 log.Fatal(err)26 }27 password, err := metadata.Get("instance/attributes/password")28 if err != nil {29 log.Fatal(err)30 }31 privateKey, err := metadata.Get("instance/attributes/privateKey")32 if err != nil {33 log.Fatal(err)34 }35 err = ioutil.WriteFile("privatekey", []byte(privateKey), 0644)36 if err != nil {37 log.Fatal(err)38 }39 ipAddress, err := metadata.Get("instance/network-interfaces/0/access-configs/0/external-ip")40 if err != nil {41 log.Fatal(err)42 }43 client := &http.Client{}44 publicKey, err = metadata.Get("instance/attributes/publicKey")45 if err != nil {46 log.Fatal(err)47 }48 err = ioutil.WriteFile("publickey", []byte(publicKey), 0644)49 if err != nil {50 log.Fatal(err)51 }
ssh
Using AI Code Generation
1import (2func main() {3 client, err := gce.NewClient("service-account.json")4 if err != nil {5 panic(err)6 }7 instances, err := client.Instances.List("my-project-id")8 if err != nil {9 panic(err)10 }11 for _, instance := range instances {12 fmt.Println(instance.Name)13 }14}15import (16func main() {17 client, err := gce.NewClient("service-account.json")18 if err != nil {19 panic(err)20 }21 instance, err := client.Instances.Create("my-project-id", "my-instance-name", "us-central1-a", "debian-7")22 if err != nil {23 panic(err)24 }25 fmt.Println(instance.Name)26}27import (28func main() {29 client, err := gce.NewClient("service-account.json")30 if err != nil {31 panic(err)32 }33 instance, err := client.Instances.Create("my-project-id", "my-instance-name", "us-central1-a", "debian-7")34 if err != nil {35 panic(err)36 }37 fmt.Println(instance.Name)38}39import (40func main() {41 client, err := gce.NewClient("service-account.json")42 if err != nil {43 panic(err)44 }
ssh
Using AI Code Generation
1import (2func main() {3 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")4}5import (6func main() {7 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")8}9import (10func main() {11 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")12}13import (14func main() {15 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")16}17import (18func main() {19 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")20}21import (22func main() {23 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")24}25import (26func main() {27 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")28}29import (30func main() {31 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")32}33import (34func main() {35 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")36}37import (38func main() {39 fmt.Println("Hello, world.")40}
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