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uwicore_80211mac.py

Source:uwicore_80211mac.py

1#!/usr/bin/env python2# Copyright 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.3 4# This file is part of GNU Radio5 6# GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify7# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by8# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)9# any later version.10 11# GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,12# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of13# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the14# GNU General Public License for more details.15 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License17# along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to18# the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,19# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.202122# Projectname: uwicore@umh_80211_MAC2324# Filename: uwicore_80211mac.py2526# This script contains the MAC Finite State Machine (FSM) implementation developed by the Uwicore 27# Laboratory at the University Miguel Hernandez of Elche. More detailed information about the 28# FSM diagram transitions can be found at www.uwicore.umh.es/mhop-testbeds.html or at the publication:2930# J.R. Gutierrez-Agullo, B. Coll-Perales and J. Gozalvez, "An IEEE 802.11 MAC Software Defined Radio Implementation for  Experimental Wireless Communications and Networking Research", Proceedings of the 2010 IFIP/IEEE Wireless Days (WD'10), pp. 1-5, 20-22 October 2010, Venice (Italy).3132# Ubiquitous Wireless Communications Research Laboratory 33# Uwicore, http://www.uwicore.umh.es34# Communications Engineering Department35# University Miguel Hernandez of Elche36# Avda de la Universidad, s/n37# 03202 Elche, Spain38# Release: April 201139# List of Authors:40#	Juan R. Gutierrez-Agullo (jgutierrez@umh.es)41#	Baldomero Coll-Perales (bcoll@umh.es)42#	Dr. Javier Gozalvez (j.gozalvez@umh.es)434445from optparse import OptionParser46from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option47import uwicore_mac_utils as MAC4849import time, sys, random5051# Finite State Machine MAC main52def main():53    parser = OptionParser(option_class=eng_option, conflict_handler="resolve")54    parser.add_option("", "--PHYport", type="intx", default=8013,55                          help="PHY communication socket port, [default=%default]")56    parser.add_option("", "--MACport", type="intx", default=8001,57                          help="MAC communication socket port, [default=%default]")58    parser.add_option("-i", "--interp", type="intx", default=10,59                          help="USRP2 interpolation factor value, [default=%default]\60                5  -> 802.11a/g, OFDM T_Symbol=4us, \61                10 -> 802.11p, OFDM T_Symbol=8us")62    parser.add_option("", "--regime", type="string", default="1",63                          help="OFDM regimecode    [default=%default]\64                        1 -> 6 (3) Mbit/s (BPSK r=0.5), \65                        2 -> 9 (4.5) Mbit/s (BPSK r=0.75), \66                        3 -> 12 (6) Mbit/s (QPSK r=0.5), \67                        4 -> 18 (9) Mbit/s (QPSK r=0.75), \68                          5 -> 24 (12) Mbit/s (QAM16 r=0.5), \69                        6 -> 36 (18) Mbit/s (QAM16 r=0.75), \70                        7 -> 48 (24) Mbit/s (QAM64 r=0.66), \71                        8 -> 54 (27) Mbit/s (QAM64 r=0.75)")72    parser.add_option("-n", "--node", type="intx", default=1,73                          help="Number of USRP2 node, [default=%default]")74    parser.add_option("", "--beta", type="float", default=10000,75                          help="Scaling Time Parameter, [default=%default]")76    parser.add_option("-t", "--time_slot", type="float", default=9e-6,77                          help="Time slot value, [default=%default]")78    parser.add_option("-B", "--BI", type="float", default=1,79                          help="Beacon Interval (BI) value in seconds, [default=%default]")80    parser.add_option("-S", "--SIFS", type="float", default=16e-6,81                          help="Short Inter-frame space (SIFS) value, [default=%default]")82    parser.add_option('', "--retx", action="store_true", default=False,83                        help="Retransmissions enabled, [default=%default]")84    parser.add_option('', "--RTS", action="store_true", default=False,85                        help="RTS-threshold enabled, [default=%default]")86    parser.add_option('-v', "--V", action="store_true", default=False,87                        help="Print debug information, [default=%default]")88    (options, args) = parser.parse_args ()89            90    my_mac = MAC.usrp2_node(options.node)   # MAC address for this node91    dest_mac = MAC.usrp2_node(2)            # Dummy value (updated when an incoming packet arrives)92     93    """94    IEEE 802.11-a MAC parameters95    """96    beta = options.beta # scaling time parameter97    tslot = options.time_slot * beta98    SIFS = options.SIFS * beta99    DIFS = SIFS + 2 * tslot100    Preamble = DIFS #16e-6101    PLCP_header = 4e-6 * beta102    ACK_time = Preamble + PLCP_header103    CW_min = 15104    CW_max = 1023105    RTS_THRESHOLD = 150106    dot11FragmentationTh = 1036107108    # TX time estimation for a CTS and an ACK packet109    empty_values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":my_mac, "timestamp":time.time()}  110    CTS_empty = MAC.generate_pkt("CTS", options.interp, options.regime, empty_values)111    T_cts = CTS_empty["INFO"]["txtime"]112    ACK_empty = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, empty_values)113    T_ack = ACK_empty["INFO"]["txtime"]114    115    # Set socket ports116    PHY_port = options.PHYport117    #PHYRX_port = options.PHYRXport118    MAC_port = options.MACport119    120    # Variables involving MAC tests121    testing = False                         # Testing mode active, used to conduct trials122    N_TESTS = 1000                          # Number of tests123    N_TESTS_INI = N_TESTS           124    LONG_TESTS = 20                         # Payload length for tests125    payload_test = "0000" + LONG_TESTS*'1'  # Payload for tests126    test_with_sensing = True                 # Carrier Sensing (CS) allowed during the test127    total_processing_time = 0          # Total processing time128    t_sense_mean = 0                     # CS average time129    t_csense = 0                           # CS time130    t_MAC = 0                               # MAC time131    t_MAC_mean = 0                         # MAC average time132    packet_i=0                             # Packets sent counter133    n_sensing = 0                           # Number of CS performed134    135    # 'State' controls the state of the MAC136    State = "IDLE" 137    138    # Initial Conditions of the Finite State Machine139    NAV = 0                 # Network Allocation Vector           140    N_RETRIES = 0           # Retries to send a packet counter141    busy_in_wfd = False  # Busy in Wait_for_DIFS state142    BO_frozen = "NO"     # Backoff frozen    143    TX_attempts = 0             # Tries to send a packet counter144    CTS_failed = False      # CTS reception failed145    chan = "FREE"          # Channel state = IDDLE146    N_SEQ = 0               # Sequence number counter147    N_FRAG = 0              # Fragment number counter148    first_tx = True         # Is the first attempt to send a packet?149    frag_count = 0         # Counter used during fragmentation150    data_temp_reass = ""     # Initial variable to perform de re-assembly process151    verbose = True          # Shows when the MAC is in 'IDDLE' state152    beaconing = False       # Is ON the Beaconing process?153    fragmenting = 0         # Is the packet received a fragment?154    155    if options.V:156        print "============================================="157        print " \t  MAC layer: DCF + RTS/CTS"158        print "============================================="159        print "MAC address:",MAC.which_dir(my_mac)160        print "Rate = ",options.regime161        print "tslot(s): %f \t SIFS(s): %f"%(tslot,SIFS)162        print "DIFS(s): %f \t T_ACK(s): %f"%(DIFS, ACK_time)163        print "pseudo-random exp. BACKOFF [%i,%i]"%(CW_min, CW_max)164        if options.RTS: 165            print "RTS/CTS: enabled"166            print "\t with RTS Threshold(Bytes): %i \t" %RTS_THRESHOLD167        else: print "RTS/CTS: disabled"168        print "Fragmentation Threshold (Bytes):",dot11FragmentationTh169        if options.retx: print "Retransmissions: enabled"170        else: print "Retransmissions: disabled"171        print "Scaling time parameter = ",beta172        print "============================================="173    174    """175    Starts the MAC operation176    """177    while 1:178        #IDLE STATE179        if State == "IDLE":180            # Is a RTS?181            reply_phy1, packet_phy1 = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "RTS")182            #print State183            if reply_phy1 == "YES":184                verbose = True          # Show when the MAC is IDLE185                copied = packet_phy1  # Copy the received packet from the PHY186                x = copied["INFO"]     # Copy the 802.11 frame included in the received packet from PHY187                if my_mac == x["RX_add"]:188                    print "[R]-[%s]-[DA: %s]-[SA: %s]-[duration: %f]-[IFM:1]" %(copied["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),MAC.which_dir(x["TX_add"]),x["txtime"])189                    dest_mac = (x["TX_add"])        # Receiver Address of the CTS frame190                    RTS_duration = x["txtime"]      # Value of RTS' TX time 191                    if options.V: print "| IDLE | RTS received | TRANSMITTING_CTS |"    192                    """193                    #============================================================194                    # /TEST/ UNCOMMENT TO CHECK RTS/CTS FUNCTIONALITY195                    #============================================================196                    # STEP 1/4: Node 1 --> RTS197                    values = {"duration":x["txtime"], "mac_ra":x["RX_add"], "mac_ta":x["TX_add"], "timestamp":time.time()}  198                    RTS_forced = MAC.generate_pkt("RTS", options.interp, options.regime, values)199                    packet_RTS_forced = MAC.create_packet("PKT", RTS_forced)200                    MAC.transmit(packet_RTS_forced, PHY_port)201                    time.sleep(tslot)202                    #============================================================203                    """204                    State = "TRANSMITTING_CTS"205                else:206                    print "[R]-[%s]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:0]" %(copied["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),MAC.which_dir(x["TX_add"]),x["txtime"])  207                    tiempo = x["txtime"] / (1.0e3)    # Divided by 1e3 because txtime is on milliseconds208                    if options.V: print "| IDLE | RTS captured (update NAV) | IDLE |"209                    NAV = MAC.update_NAV(time.time(), tiempo, tslot)210                    State = "IDLE"211                                        212            # Check upper layer buffer for data to send213            else:214                reply_up, PAYLOAD = MAC.read_ul_buffer(MAC_port)215                if reply_up == "YES":216                    verbose = True217                    if options.V: print "| IDLE | MAC has DATA to Tx | WAIT_FOR_NAV |"218                    State = "WAIT_FOR_NAV"219                elif reply_up == "BEACON":220                    beaconing = True221                    if options.V: print "| IDLE | Transmit BEACON FRAME | WAIT_FOR_NAV |"222                    State = "TRANSMITTING_RTS"223                elif reply_up == "NO":   224                    # is a CTS?                       225                    reply_phy2, packet_phy2 = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "CTS")226                    if reply_phy2 == "YES":227                        verbose = True228                        copied = packet_phy2229                        x = copied["INFO"]230                        print "[R]-[%s]-[DA:%s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:0]" %(copied["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),x["txtime"])231                        tiempo = x["txtime"]/1.0e3 232                        if options.V: print "| IDLE | CTS captured (update NAV) | IDLE |"233                        NAV = MAC.update_NAV(time.time(), tiempo, tslot)234                        State = "IDLE"235                    else:236                        if verbose == True: 237                            print "\n| IDLE |\n"238                        verbose = False239                        State = "IDLE"240            if testing == True: # if True, it allows to switch manually to any state 241                t_testA = time.time() 242                packet_i +=1243                State = "WAIT_FOR_NAV" # Edit the state to switch to 244            245            if State == "IDLE": time.sleep(tslot)   # Time-slotted MAC246        247        248        #WAIT_FOR_NAV STATE249        elif State == "WAIT_FOR_NAV":250            #print State251            NAV = MAC.update_NAV(time.time(), NAV, tslot)252            if NAV > 0:253                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_NAV | NAV > 0 | WAIT_FOR_NAV |"254                State = "WAIT_FOR_NAV"255            else:256                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_NAV | NAV = 0 | WAIT_FOR_DIFS |"257                State = "WAIT_FOR_DIFS"258                chan = "FREE"259                260        #WAIT_FOR_DIFS STATE261        elif State == "WAIT_FOR_DIFS":262            # This state performs the channel sensing process and decides whether the channel is BUSY or IDLE263            #print State264            t_inicial=time.time()265            t_final=t_inicial + DIFS266            n_sensing=0267            while n_sensing < 2:268                t_testB = time.time()269                channel_in_wfd, t = MAC.sense_channel(PHY_port)270                t_testC = time.time()271                assert (tslot - (t_testC-t_testB) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."272                time.sleep(tslot-(t_testC-t_testB))273                if channel_in_wfd == "OCCUPIED":274                    chan = "OCCUPIED"275                t_csense = t_csense + (t_testC - t_testB)276                n_sensing +=1          277            assert (t_final - time.time() >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."278            time.sleep(t_final - time.time())279            t_csense = t_csense/3280            # print "Wait_for_DIFS operation time = ", (time.time()-t_inicial) # DEBUG281            282            if chan == "FREE":283                if BO_frozen == "NO" and busy_in_wfd == False and CTS_failed == False:284                    BACKOFF = 0 # Channel IDLE for the first time, BOtimer = 0285                State = "BACKING_OFF"286                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_DIFS | Channel idle | BACKING_OFF |"            287            else:288                if BO_frozen == "NO" and CTS_failed == False:  # If it is the 1st time, set the CW289                    BACKOFF = MAC.retry(TX_attempts, CW_min)290                    TX_attempts = TX_attempts + 1291                    #BO_frozen=="YES"292                    BO_first_time = 1293                State = "IDLE"294                chan = "FREE"295                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_DIFS | Channel busy | IDLE |"296        297        298        #BACKING_OFF STATE299        elif State == "BACKING_OFF":300            #print State301            busy_in_wfd = False302            if BACKOFF == 0:303                BO_first_time = 1304                State = "TRANSMITTING_RTS"305            else:306                tx = time.time()                307                canal_en_bo, t = MAC.sense_channel(PHY_port)308                309                if canal_en_bo == "FREE": # Channel idle310                    BACKOFF = BACKOFF - 1311                    BO_first_time = 0 # Backoff process started, freeze CW value!312                    if BACKOFF > 0:    313                        if options.V: print "| BACKING_OFF | Channel idle (CW = %i) | BACKING_OFF |"%BACKOFF314                        State = "BACKING_OFF"315                    else:316                        if options.V: print "| BACKING_OFF | Channel idle (CW = %i) | TRANSMITTING_RTS |"%BACKOFF 317                        State = "TRANSMITTING_RTS"318                        busy_in_wfd = False319                        320                else:   # Channel busy321                    BACKOFF = BACKOFF - 1322                    BO_first_time = 0 # Channel busy, CW frozen323                    BO_frozen = "YES"324                    State = "IDLE"325                    if options.V:326                        if options.V: print "| BACKING_OFF | Channel busy (CW = %i) | IDLE |"%BACKOFF 327                ty = time.time()328                assert (tslot - (ty - tx) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."329                time.sleep(tslot - (ty - tx))330        331        #TRANSMITTING_RTS STATE332        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_RTS":333            #print State334            #TX_attempts = 0 # DEBUG335            BO_first_time = 1 # Update backoff status for the next time336            337            # Work out TX time of the packet to send338            if testing == True:339                N_TESTS -= 1340                N_SEQ +=1 341                values = {"payload":payload_test, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":0,"timestamp":time.time()}342                test = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values)343                packet_TEST = MAC.create_packet("PKT", test)344                t_testD = time.time()345                                346                # Send the packet to PHY347                MAC.transmit(packet_TEST, PHY_port)348                349                t_MAC = t_MAC + (t_testD-t_testA)350                t_MAC_mean = t_MAC/packet_i351                t_sense_mean = t_sense_mean + t_csense352                print "=============== Packet %i ==================="%(packet_i)353                print "MAC processing time = ",(t_testD-t_testA)354                print "MAC processing time (average) = ", t_MAC_mean355                print "Carrier sensing time = ",(t_testC - t_testB)356                print "Carrier sensing time (average) = ",t_sense_mean/packet_i357                print "============================================="358                359                if N_TESTS == 0: 360                    sys.stderr.write("End of Test. Press ENTER to exit")361                    z=raw_input()362                    sys.exit(0)363            364            # Not a Beacon to TX365            elif beaconing == False:    366                values = {"payload":PAYLOAD, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}367                packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values)368                T_data = packet["INFO"]["txtime"]369                '''370                 Value of RTS fields:371                 Duration = T_cts + T_ack + 3*SIFS + T_data372                 mac_ra = dest_mac373                 mac_ta = my_mac374                '''375                if options.RTS == True:376                    if PAYLOAD > RTS_THRESHOLD:377                        if first_tx == True: 378                            retx_retries = 7379                            fail_tx = False380                        first_tx = False381                        duration = (3 * SIFS) + (T_cts + T_ack + T_data) / 1000     #Txtime in milliseconds382                        mac_ra = dest_mac383                        mac_ta = my_mac384                        values = {"duration":duration, "mac_ra":mac_ra, "mac_ta":mac_ta,"timestamp":time.time()}  385                        RTS = MAC.generate_pkt("RTS", options.interp, options.regime, values)386                        packet_RTS = MAC.create_packet("PKT", RTS)387                        MAC.transmit(packet_RTS, PHY_port)388                        print "[T]-[RTS]-[SA:%s]-[DA=%s]-[duration:%i]" %(MAC.which_dir(my_mac),MAC.which_dir(mac_ta),duration)389                        WFC_first_time = 1  # First time in WAITING_FOR_CTS state390                        State = "WAITING_FOR_CTS"391                        if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_RTS | (PAYLOAD > RTS_Th) Send RTS | WAITING_FOR_CTS |"392                    else:393                        if first_tx == True: 394                            retx_retries = 4395                            fail_tx = False396                        first_tx = False397                        State = "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST"398                        if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_RTS | (PAYLOAD < RTS_Th) Send DATA | TRANSMITTING_UNICAST |"399                else:400                    if first_tx == True: 401                        retx_retries = 4402                        fail_tx = False403                    first_tx = False404                    if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_RTS | (RTS OFF) Send DATA | TRANSMITTING_UNICAST |"405                    State = "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST"406            else:407                values = {"address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ,"N_FRAG":0 ,"BI":options.BI, "timestamp":time.time()}408                print "[T]-[BEACON]-[SA:%s]-[BI=%f]-[#seq:%i]" %(MAC.which_dir(my_mac),options.BI,N_SEQ)409                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_RTS | Send BEACON | IDLE |"410                BEACON = MAC.generate_pkt("BEACON", options.interp, options.regime, values)411                packet_BEACON = MAC.create_packet("PKT", BEACON)412                MAC.transmit(packet_BEACON, PHY_port)413                MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)414                N_SEQ += 1415                beaconing = False416                verbose = True417                State = "IDLE"418                419        #TRANSMITTING_UNICAST STATE420        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST":421            '''422            Send packet to PHY for its transmission using the USRP2423            packet = [MPDU][LENGHT][INFO]  424            pkt = [Header: PKT][Data: packet]425            '''426            #print State427            #if options.V: print "[%s]\t: TX DATA packet to PHY" % State428            if len(PAYLOAD) > dot11FragmentationTh:429                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_UNICAST | Send Fragmented Data | TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET |"430                State = "TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET"431                first_time_fg = True432                WF_ACK_FG_first_time = True433            else:434                values = {"payload":PAYLOAD, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}435                print "[T]-[DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[#seq:%i]-[Payload = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(dest_mac),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),N_SEQ,PAYLOAD)436                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_UNICAST | Send DATA | WAITING_FOR_ACK |"437                N_SEQ += 1438                N_FRAG = 0439                if fail_tx == False:440                    packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values)441                else:442                     packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA_RETX", options.interp, options.regime, values)443                pkt = MAC.create_packet("PKT", packet)444                MAC.transmit(pkt, PHY_port)445                WF_ACK_first_time = 1 # First time in WAITING_FOR_ACK state 446                State = "WAITING_FOR_ACK"447    448        # WAITING_FOR_CTS STATE449        elif State == "WAITING_FOR_CTS":450            #print State451            if WFC_first_time == 1:452                CTS_time = SIFS453                CTS_fin = 0 454            t0 = time.time()455            no_packet, packet_phy = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "CTS")456            457            '''458            #============================================================459            # /TEST/ UNCOMMENT TO CHECK RTS/CTS FUNCTIONALITY460            #============================================================461            # STEP 2/4: Node 2 --> CTS462            mac_ra = my_mac463            values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":mac_ra,"timestamp":time.time()}  464            CTS_forced = MAC.generate_pkt("CTS", options.interp, options.regime, values)465            packet_CTS_forced = MAC.create_packet("PKT", CTS_forced)466            MAC.transmit(packet_CTS_forced, PHY_port)467            time.sleep(tslot)468            #============================================================469            '''470            if no_packet == "YES":471                # Is the CTS frame for this station? 472                copied = packet_phy["INFO"]473                if copied["RX_add"] == my_mac:474                    WFC_first_time = 1475                    State = "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST"476                    CTS_fin = 1477                    TX_attempts = 0478                    CTS_failed = False479                    if options.V:480                        print "[R]-[CTS]-[RA: %s]-[duration: %f]-[IFM:1]" %(MAC.which_dir(copied["RX_add"]),copied["txtime"])481                        if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_CTS | CTS received | TRANSMITTING_UNICAST |"    482                else:483                    CTS_fin = 1 # CTS captured! Transmission aborted to avoid a collision484                    print "[R]-[CTS]-[RA:%s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:0]" %(MAC.which_dir(copied["RX_add"]),copied["txtime"])485                    State = "IDLE"486                    nuevo_NAV = copied["txtime"]/1e3487                    NAV = MAC.update_NAV(time.time(),nuevo_NAV , tslot)488                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_CTS | CTS captured (Update NAV = %f) | IDLE |"%NAV489490            else:491                State = "WAITING_FOR_CTS"  492                WFC_first_time = 0    493                #CTS_fin = 0494            t1 = time.time()495            CTS_time = CTS_time - (t1 - t0)496            497            if CTS_fin == 0:498                if CTS_time > 0:499                    State = "WAITING_FOR_CTS"  500                else:501                    TX_attempts = TX_attempts + 1502                    BACKOFF = MAC.retry(TX_attempts, CW_min)503                    State = "IDLE"             # Timer expired and CTS hasn't been received504                    if options.V:505                        if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_CTS | CTS not received | IDLE |"506                    CTS_failed = True507        508509        #TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET STATE510        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET":511            #print State512            if first_time_fg == True:513                fragments = MAC.fragment(PAYLOAD, dot11FragmentationTh) #fragment the PAYLOAD based on a fragmentation threshold514                first_time_fg = False515            else:516                if len(fragments) > 1:517                    payload_tmp = fragments[0]518                    #Create packet with MORE FRAGMENT = 1 and payload = payload_tmp519                    values = {"payload":payload_tmp, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}520                    packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA_FRAG", options.interp, options.regime, values)521                    N_SEQ += 1522                    N_FRAG += 1523                    pkt = MAC.create_packet("PKT", packet)                   524                    print "[T]-[FRAGMENTED DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:1]-[#seq:%i]-[#frag:%i]-[Payload = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(dest_mac),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),N_SEQ,N_FRAG,payload_tmp)525                    if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET | Send DATA FRAG | WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED |"526                    MAC.transmit(pkt, PHY_port)527                    fragments.pop(0)   #FIXME Retransmission for Fragmented packets is required528                    fin_wait_ack_fragmented = False529                    State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED"530                elif len(fragments) == 1:531                    payload_tmp = fragments[0]532                    #Create packet with MORE FRAGMENT = 0 and payload = payload_tmp533                    values = {"payload":payload_tmp, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}534                    N_SEQ += 1535                    N_FRAG += 1536                    N_FRAG = 0537                    print "[T]-[DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[#seq:%i]-[Payload = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(dest_mac),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),N_SEQ, payload_tmp)538                    if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET | Send DATA FRAG (last fragment) | WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED |"539                    packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values) 540                    pkt = MAC.create_packet("PKT", packet)                   541                    MAC.transmit(pkt, PHY_port)542                    fin_wait_ack_fragmented = True543                    State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED" 544545        #WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED STATE          546        elif State == "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED":547            #print State548            if WF_ACK_FG_first_time == 1:549                T_ACK = SIFS550            ta1 = time.time()551            no_packet, packet_phy = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "ACK")552            if no_packet == "YES": # ACK addressed to this station553                x = packet_phy["INFO"]554                print "[R]-[%s]-[DA: %s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:1]" %(packet_phy["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),x["txtime"])555                if fin_wait_ack_fragmented == True:  # Last fragment sent556                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | All fragments acknowledged  | IDLE |"557                    State = "IDLE"558                    MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # Remove the packet from upper layers559                    first_tx = True560                else:561                    print "[R]-[%s]-[DA:%s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:1]" %(packet_phy["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),x["txtime"])562                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | ACK received | TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET |"563                    State = "TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET"564                BACKOFF = 0565                WF_ACK_FG_first_time = 1566                ACK_FG_fin = 1 567            else:568                State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED"  # Not an ACK569                WF_ACK_FG_first_time = 0570                ACK_FG_fin = 0571            ta2=time.time()572            573            assert (tslot - (ta2 - ta1) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."574            time.sleep(tslot - (ta2 - ta1))575            tb = time.time()576            T_ACK = T_ACK - (tb - ta1)577            if ACK_FG_fin == 0:578                if T_ACK > 0:579                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | ACK not received yet | WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED |"580                    State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED"581                else: 582                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | ACK not received | IDLE |"583                    State = "IDLE"584                    MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # ACK not received within the Waiting_for_ack interval585                    first_tx = True586            587588        #WAITING_FOR_ACK STATE                        589        elif State == "WAITING_FOR_ACK":590            #print State591            if WF_ACK_first_time == 1:592                T_ACK = SIFS593            ta = time.time()594            no_packet, packet_phy = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "ACK")595            if no_packet == "YES":596                x = packet_phy["INFO"]            597                print "[R]-[%s]-[DA:%s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:1]" %(packet_phy["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),x["txtime"])598                '''599                #============================================================600                # /TEST/ UNCOMMENT TO CHECK RTS/CTS FUNCTIONALITY601                #============================================================602                # STEP 4/4: Node 2 --> ACK603                mac_ra = my_mac604                values = {"duration":x["txtime"], "mac_ra":mac_ra,"timestamp":time.time()}  605                ACK_forced = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, values)606                packet_ACK_forced = MAC.create_packet("PKT", ACK_forced)607                MAC.transmit(packet_ACK_forced, PHY_port)608                time.sleep(tslot)609                #============================================================610                '''611                if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | ACK received | IDLE |"612                State = "IDLE"613                BACKOFF = 0614                WF_ACK_first_time = 1615                ACK_fin = 1 616                MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # Packet acknoweledged, remove from upper layers617                first_tx = True618                            619            else:620                State = "WAITING_FOR_ACK"  # Not an ACK621                WF_ACK_first_time = 0622                ACK_fin = 0623            624            ta_fin = time.time()625            assert (tslot - (ta_fin - ta) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."626            time.sleep(tslot - (ta_fin - ta))627            tb = time.time()628            T_ACK = T_ACK - (tb - ta)629            if ACK_fin == 0:630                if T_ACK > 0:631                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | ACK not received yet | WAITING_FOR_ACK |"632                    State = "WAITING_FOR_ACK"633                else:634                    # Not ACK yet, Reset CW to CWmin and go to IDLE635                    if options.retx == True:636                        retx_retries = retx_retries - 1637                        if retx_retries < 0:638                            CW = CW_min 639                            State = "IDLE"640                            MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)641                            first_tx = True642                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | Remove packet from upper layers | IDLE |"643                            N_FRAG = 0 644                            fail_tx = False645                        else:646                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | ACK not received (retries left = %i) | IDLE |"%retx_retries647                            State = "IDLE"648                            fail_tx = True649                    else: 650                        State = "IDLE"651                        if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | Remove packet from upper layers | IDLE |"652                        MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # No Re-TX!653                        first_tx = True654        655        #TRANSMITTING_CTS STATE        656        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_CTS":657            '''658            RTS received. NAV allows channel access.659            Send CTS to PHY for its transmission.660                - packet = [CTS][LENGHT][INFO]661                - pkt = [Header: PKT][Data: packet]662            '''663            #print State664            NAV = MAC.update_NAV(time.time(), NAV, tslot)665            if NAV > 0:666                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_CTS | NAV > 0 | TRANSMITTING_CTS |"667                State = "TRANSMITTING_CTS"668            else:669                duration = RTS_duration - (2 * T_cts) / 10 - SIFS 670                mac_ra = dest_mac671                values = {"duration":duration, "mac_ra":mac_ra, "timestamp":time.time()}  672                CTS = MAC.generate_pkt("CTS", options.interp, options.regime, values)673                packet_CTS = MAC.create_packet("PKT", CTS)674                print "[T]-[CTS]-[DA:%s]-[duration=%f]" %(MAC.which_dir(mac_ra),duration)675                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_CTS | CTS sent | WAITING_FOR_DATA |"676                MAC.transmit(packet_CTS, PHY_port)677                WF_DATA_first_time = 1678                State = "WAITING_FOR_DATA"679                680        #WAITING_FOR_DATA STATE              681        elif State == "WAITING_FOR_DATA":682            '''683           Once the CTS is transmitted, wait for Data arrival684                -> If a data packet arrives, go to TRANSMITTING_ACK685                -> If no, go to IDLE686            '''687            #print State688            if WF_DATA_first_time == 1:689                T_DATA = SIFS690            t_1 = time.time()691            no_packet, packet_phy = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "DATA")692            if no_packet == "YES":693                x = packet_phy["INFO"] # DATA packet addressed to this station694                '''695                #============================================================696                # /TEST/ UNCOMMENT TO CHECK RTS/CTS FUNCTIONALITY697                #============================================================698                # STEP 3/4: Node 1 --> DATA699                values = {"payload":"Paquete_que_llega12", "address1":x["mac_add1"], "address2":x["mac_add2"], "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":0, "timestamp":time.time()}  700                DATA_forced = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values)701                packet_DATA_forced = MAC.create_packet("PKT", DATA_forced)702                MAC.transmit(packet_DATA_forced, PHY_port)703                time.sleep(2*tslot)704                #============================================================705                '''706                dest_mac = x["mac_add2"]707                if x["MF"]==0:  #More Fragments = 0708                    if fragmenting == 0:    # Not a fragmented packet709                        print "[R]-[DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[IFM:1]-[PAYLOAD = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add1"]),MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add2"]),x["PAYLOAD"])710                        if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA received | TRANSMITTING_ACK |"711                        State = "TRANSMITTING_ACK"712                        WF_DATA_first_time = 1 713                        DATA_ok = 1714                        frag_count = 0715                        MAC.send_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port, x["PAYLOAD"])716                    else:   # Last fragmented packet717                        fragmenting = 0718                        frag_count +=1719                        print "[R]-[FRAGMENTED DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[#seq:%i]-[#frag:%i]-[IFM:1]-[PAYLOAD = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add2"]),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),x["N_SEQ"],x["N_FRAG"],x["PAYLOAD"])720                        test_seq = x["N_FRAG"]+1 - frag_count721                        if test_seq == 0:722                            dato_leido = data_temp_reass + x["PAYLOAD"]723                            State = "TRANSMITTING_ACK"724                            WF_DATA_first_time = 1725                            frag_count = 0 726                            DATA_ok = 1727                            fragmenting = 0728                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA_FRAG received  (MF = 0)| TRANSMITTING_ACK |"729                            MAC.send_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port, dato_leido)730                        else: 731                            State = "IDLE"732                            WF_DATA_first_time = 1 733                            DATA_ok = 0734                            frag_count = 0735                            fragmenting = 0736                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | Error: one or more fragments not received | TRANSMITTING_ACK |"737                else: # More Fragments = 1. It's a fragment738                    print "[R]-[FRAGMENTED DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:1]-[#seq:%i]-[#frag:%i]-[IFM:1]-[PAYLOAD = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add2"]),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),x["N_SEQ"],x["N_FRAG"],x["PAYLOAD"])739                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA_FRAG received  (MF = 1)| TRANSMITTING_ACK |"740                    fragmenting = 1741                    frag_count +=1742                    DATA_ok = 1743                    data_temp_reass = data_temp_reass + x["PAYLOAD"]744                    State = "TX_ACK_FG"                          745            else:746                DATA_ok = 0747                State = "WAITING_FOR_DATA"  # Not a DATA packet748                WF_DATA_first_time = 0749            tdiff = (time.time() - t_1)750            assert (tslot - tdiff >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."751            time.sleep(tslot - tdiff)752            T_DATA = T_DATA - (time.time() - t_1)753            if DATA_ok == 0:754                if T_DATA > 0:755                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA not received yet | WAITING_FOR_DATA |"756                    State = "WAITING_FOR_DATA"757                else:758                    # DATA didn't arrive, go to IDLE759                    State = "IDLE"760                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA not received  | IDLE |"761                    DATA_ok = 1 762        763        #TX_ACK_FG STATE     764        elif State == "TX_ACK_FG":765            #print State766            values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":dest_mac, "timestamp":time.time()} #dest_mac value copied from the previous Data packet767            print "[T]-[ACK]-[duration=%f]-[DA:%s]" %(values["duration"],MAC.which_dir(dest_mac))768            if options.V: print "| TX_ACK_FG | ACK sent | WAITING_FOR_DATA |"769            ACK = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, values)770            packet_ACK = MAC.create_packet("PKT", ACK)771            MAC.transmit(packet_ACK, PHY_port)772            State = "WAITING_FOR_DATA"773        774        #TRANSMITTING_ACK STATE  775        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_ACK":776            #print State777            values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":dest_mac, "timestamp":time.time()} #dest_mac value copied from the previous Data packet778            ACK = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, values)779            packet_ACK = MAC.create_packet("PKT", ACK)780            print "[T]-[ACK]-[duration=%f]-[DA:%s]" %(values["duration"], MAC.which_dir(dest_mac))781            MAC.transmit(packet_ACK, PHY_port)782            State = "IDLE"783            if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_ACK | ACK sent | IDLE |"784785        786if __name__ == '__main__':787    try:788        main()789    except KeyboardInterrupt:
...

test_navigation.py

Source:test_navigation.py

...432        pass433    await asyncio.gather(frame.evaluate("() => window.stop()"), navigation_promise)434async def test_wait_for_nav_should_work_with_url_match(page, server):435    responses = [None, None, None]436    async def wait_for_nav(url: Any, index: int) -> None:437        async with page.expect_navigation(url=url) as response_info:438            pass439        responses[index] = await response_info.value440    response0_promise = asyncio.create_task(441        wait_for_nav(re.compile(r"one-style\.html"), 0)442    )443    response1_promise = asyncio.create_task(444        wait_for_nav(re.compile(r"\/frame.html"), 1)445    )446    response2_promise = asyncio.create_task(447        wait_for_nav(lambda url: "foo=bar" in url, 2)448    )449    assert responses == [None, None, None]450    await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE)451    assert responses == [None, None, None]452    await page.goto(server.PREFIX + "/frame.html")453    assert responses[0] is None454    await response1_promise455    assert responses[1] is not None456    assert responses[2] is None457    await page.goto(server.PREFIX + "/one-style.html")458    await response0_promise459    assert responses[0] is not None460    assert responses[1] is not None461    assert responses[2] is None...

basic_80211mac.py

Source:basic_80211mac.py

1#!/usr/bin/env python2# Copyright 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.3 4# This file is part of GNU Radio5 6# GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify7# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by8# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)9# any later version.10 11# GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,12# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of13# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the14# GNU General Public License for more details.15 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License17# along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to18# the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,19# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.20# Projectname: uwicore@umh_80211_MAC21# Filename: uwicore_80211mac.py22# This script contains the MAC Finite State Machine (FSM) implementation developed by the Uwicore 23# Laboratory at the University Miguel Hernandez of Elche. More detailed information about the 24# FSM diagram transitions can be found at www.uwicore.umh.es/mhop-testbeds.html or at the publication:25# J.R. Gutierrez-Agullo, B. Coll-Perales and J. Gozalvez, "An IEEE 802.11 MAC Software Defined Radio Implementation for  Experimental Wireless Communications and Networking Research", Proceedings of the 2010 IFIP/IEEE Wireless Days (WD'10), pp. 1-5, 20-22 October 2010, Venice (Italy).26# Ubiquitous Wireless Communications Research Laboratory 27# Uwicore, http://www.uwicore.umh.es28# Communications Engineering Department29# University Miguel Hernandez of Elche30# Avda de la Universidad, s/n31# 03202 Elche, Spain32# Release: April 201133# List of Authors:34#    Juan R. Gutierrez-Agullo (jgutierrez@umh.es)35#    Baldomero Coll-Perales (bcoll@umh.es)36#    Dr. Javier Gozalvez (j.gozalvez@umh.es)37from optparse import OptionParser38from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option39import uwicore_mac_utils as MAC40import time, sys, random41# Finite State Machine MAC main42def main():43    parser = OptionParser(option_class=eng_option, conflict_handler="resolve")44    parser.add_option("", "--PHYport", type="intx", default=8013,45                          help="PHY communication socket port, [default=%default]")46    parser.add_option("", "--MACport", type="intx", default=8001,47                          help="MAC communication socket port, [default=%default]")48    parser.add_option("-i", "--interp", type="intx", default=10,49                          help="USRP2 interpolation factor value, [default=%default]\50                5  -> 802.11a/g, OFDM T_Symbol=4us, \51                10 -> 802.11p, OFDM T_Symbol=8us")52    parser.add_option("", "--regime", type="string", default="1",53                          help="OFDM regimecode    [default=%default]\54                        1 -> 6 (3) Mbit/s (BPSK r=0.5), \55                        2 -> 9 (4.5) Mbit/s (BPSK r=0.75), \56                        3 -> 12 (6) Mbit/s (QPSK r=0.5), \57                        4 -> 18 (9) Mbit/s (QPSK r=0.75), \58                          5 -> 24 (12) Mbit/s (QAM16 r=0.5), \59                        6 -> 36 (18) Mbit/s (QAM16 r=0.75), \60                        7 -> 48 (24) Mbit/s (QAM64 r=0.66), \61                        8 -> 54 (27) Mbit/s (QAM64 r=0.75)")62    parser.add_option("-n", "--node", type="intx", default=1,63                          help="Number of USRP2 node, [default=%default]")64    parser.add_option("", "--beta", type="float", default=50000,65                          help="Scaling Time Parameter, [default=%default]")66    parser.add_option("-t", "--time_slot", type="float", default=9e-6,67                          help="Time slot value, [default=%default]")68    parser.add_option("-B", "--BI", type="float", default=1,69                          help="Beacon Interval (BI) value in seconds, [default=%default]")70    parser.add_option("-S", "--SIFS", type="float", default=16e-6,71                          help="Short Inter-frame space (SIFS) value, [default=%default]")72    parser.add_option('', "--retx", action="store_true", default=False,73                        help="Retransmissions enabled, [default=%default]")74    parser.add_option('', "--RTS", action="store_true", default=True,75                        help="RTS-threshold enabled, [default=%default]")76    parser.add_option('-v', "--V", action="store_true", default=False,77                        help="Print debug information, [default=%default]")78    (options, args) = parser.parse_args ()79            80    my_mac = MAC.usrp2_node(options.node)   # MAC address for this node81    dest_mac = MAC.usrp2_node(2)            # Dummy value (updated when an incoming packet arrives)82     83    """84    IEEE 802.11-a MAC parameters85    """86    beta = options.beta # scaling time parameter87    tslot = options.time_slot * beta88    SIFS = options.SIFS * beta89    DIFS = SIFS + 2 * tslot90    Preamble = DIFS #16e-691    PLCP_header = 4e-6 * beta92    ACK_time = Preamble + PLCP_header93    CW_min = 1594    CW_max = 102395    RTS_THRESHOLD = 15096    dot11FragmentationTh = 103697    # TX time estimation for a CTS and an ACK packet98    empty_values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":my_mac, "timestamp":time.time()}  99    CTS_empty = MAC.generate_pkt("CTS", options.interp, options.regime, empty_values)100    T_cts = CTS_empty["INFO"]["txtime"]101    ACK_empty = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, empty_values)102    T_ack = ACK_empty["INFO"]["txtime"]103    104    # Set socket ports105    PHY_port = options.PHYport106    #PHYRX_port = options.PHYRXport107    MAC_port = options.MACport108    109    # Variables involving MAC tests110    testing = False                         # Testing mode active, used to conduct trials111    N_TESTS = 1000                          # Number of tests112    N_TESTS_INI = N_TESTS           113    LONG_TESTS = 20                         # Payload length for tests114    payload_test = "0000" + LONG_TESTS*'1'  # Payload for tests115    test_with_sensing = True                 # Carrier Sensing (CS) allowed during the test116    total_processing_time = 0          # Total processing time117    t_sense_mean = 0                     # CS average time118    t_csense = 0                           # CS time119    t_MAC = 0                               # MAC time120    t_MAC_mean = 0                         # MAC average time121    packet_i=0                             # Packets sent counter122    n_sensing = 0                           # Number of CS performed123    124    # 'State' controls the state of the MAC125    State = "IDLE" 126    127    # Initial Conditions of the Finite State Machine128    NAV = 0                 # Network Allocation Vector           129    N_RETRIES = 0           # Retries to send a packet counter130    busy_in_wfd = False  # Busy in Wait_for_DIFS state131    BO_frozen = "NO"     # Backoff frozen    132    TX_attempts = 0             # Tries to send a packet counter133    CTS_failed = False      # CTS reception failed134    chan = "FREE"          # Channel state = IDDLE135    N_SEQ = 0               # Sequence number counter136    N_FRAG = 0              # Fragment number counter137    first_tx = True         # Is the first attempt to send a packet?138    frag_count = 0         # Counter used during fragmentation139    data_temp_reass = ""     # Initial variable to perform de re-assembly process140    verbose = True          # Shows when the MAC is in 'IDDLE' state141    beaconing = False       # Is ON the Beaconing process?142    fragmenting = 0         # Is the packet received a fragment?143    144    if options.V:145        print "============================================="146        print " \t  MAC layer: DCF + RTS/CTS"147        print "============================================="148        print "MAC address:",MAC.which_dir(my_mac)149        print "Rate = ",options.regime150        print "tslot(s): %f \t SIFS(s): %f"%(tslot,SIFS)151        print "DIFS(s): %f \t T_ACK(s): %f"%(DIFS, ACK_time)152        print "pseudo-random exp. BACKOFF [%i,%i]"%(CW_min, CW_max)153        if options.RTS: 154            print "RTS/CTS: enabled"155            print "\t with RTS Threshold(Bytes): %i \t" %RTS_THRESHOLD156        else: print "RTS/CTS: disabled"157        print "Fragmentation Threshold (Bytes):",dot11FragmentationTh158        if options.retx: print "Retransmissions: enabled"159        else: print "Retransmissions: disabled"160        print "Scaling time parameter = ",beta161        print "============================================="162    163    """164    Starts the MAC operation165    """166    while 1:167        #IDLE STATE168        if State == "IDLE":169            # Is there a DATA?170            reply_phy1, packet_phy1 = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "DATA")171            print State172            if reply_phy1 == "YES":173                verbose = True          # Show when the MAC is IDLE174                x = packet_phy1["INFO"] # DATA packet addressed to this station175                '''176                #============================================================177                # /TEST/ UNCOMMENT TO CHECK RTS/CTS FUNCTIONALITY178                #============================================================179                # STEP 3/4: Node 1 --> DATA180                values = {"payload":"Paquete_que_llega12", "address1":x["mac_add1"], "address2":x["mac_add2"], "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":0, "timestamp":time.time()}  181                DATA_forced = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values)182                packet_DATA_forced = MAC.create_packet("PKT", DATA_forced)183                MAC.transmit(packet_DATA_forced, PHY_port)184                time.sleep(2*tslot)185                #============================================================186                '''187                dest_mac = x["mac_add2"]188                if x["MF"]==0:  #More Fragments = 0189                    if fragmenting == 0:    # Not a fragmented packet190                        print "[R]-[DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[IFM:1]-[PAYLOAD = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add1"]),MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add2"]),x["PAYLOAD"])191                        if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA received | TRANSMITTING_ACK |"192                        State = "TRANSMITTING_ACK"193                        WF_DATA_first_time = 1 194                        frag_count = 0195                        MAC.send_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port, x["PAYLOAD"])196                    else:   # Last fragmented packet197                        fragmenting = 0198                        frag_count +=1199                        print "[R]-[FRAGMENTED DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[#seq:%i]-[#frag:%i]-[IFM:1]-[PAYLOAD = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add2"]),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),x["N_SEQ"],x["N_FRAG"],x["PAYLOAD"])200                        test_seq = x["N_FRAG"]+1 - frag_count201                        if test_seq == 0:202                            dato_leido = data_temp_reass + x["PAYLOAD"]203                            State = "TRANSMITTING_ACK"204                            WF_DATA_first_time = 1205                            frag_count = 0 206                            fragmenting = 0207                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA_FRAG received  (MF = 0)| TRANSMITTING_ACK |"208                            MAC.send_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port, dato_leido)209                        else: 210                            WF_DATA_first_time = 1 211                            frag_count = 0212                            fragmenting = 0213                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | Error: one or more fragments not received | IDLE |"214                else: # More Fragments = 1. It's a fragment215                    print "[R]-[FRAGMENTED DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:1]-[#seq:%i]-[#frag:%i]-[IFM:1]-[PAYLOAD = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["mac_add2"]),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),x["N_SEQ"],x["N_FRAG"],x["PAYLOAD"])216                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_DATA | DATA_FRAG received  (MF = 1)| TRANSMITTING_ACK |"217                    fragmenting = 1218                    frag_count +=1219                    data_temp_reass = data_temp_reass + x["PAYLOAD"]220                    State = "TX_ACK_FG"                          221                                        222            223            # Check upper layer buffer for data to send224            else:225                reply_up, PAYLOAD = MAC.read_ul_buffer(MAC_port)226                if reply_up == "YES":227                    verbose = True228                    if options.V: print "| IDLE | MAC has DATA to Tx | WAIT_FOR_NAV |"229                    State = "WAIT_FOR_NAV"230                elif reply_up == "BEACON":231                    beaconing = True232                    values = {"address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ,"N_FRAG":0 ,"BI":options.BI, "timestamp":time.time()}233                    print "[T]-[BEACON]-[SA:%s]-[BI=%f]-[#seq:%i]" %(MAC.which_dir(my_mac),options.BI,N_SEQ)234                    if options.V: print "| IDLE | Send BEACON | IDLE |"235                    BEACON = MAC.generate_pkt("BEACON", options.interp, options.regime, values)236                    packet_BEACON = MAC.create_packet("PKT", BEACON)237                    MAC.transmit(packet_BEACON, PHY_port)238                    MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)239                    N_SEQ += 1240                    beaconing = False241            if testing == True: # if True, it allows to switch manually to any state 242                t_testA = time.time() 243                packet_i +=1244                State = "WAIT_FOR_NAV" # Edit the state to switch to 245            246            if State == "IDLE": 247                time.sleep(tslot)   # Time-slotted MAC248        249        250        #WAIT_FOR_NAV STATE251        elif State == "WAIT_FOR_NAV":252            print State253            NAV = MAC.update_NAV(time.time(), NAV, tslot)254            if NAV > 0:255                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_NAV | NAV > 0 | WAIT_FOR_NAV |"256                State = "WAIT_FOR_NAV"257            else:258                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_NAV | NAV = 0 | WAIT_FOR_DIFS |"259                State = "WAIT_FOR_DIFS"260                chan = "FREE"261                262        #WAIT_FOR_DIFS STATE263        elif State == "WAIT_FOR_DIFS":264            # This state performs the channel sensing process and decides whether the channel is BUSY or IDLE265            print State266            t_inicial=time.time()267            t_final=t_inicial + DIFS268            n_sensing=0269            while n_sensing < 2:270                #t_testB = time.time()271                channel_in_wfd, t = MAC.sense_channel(PHY_port)272                #t_testC = time.time()273                #assert (tslot - (t_testC-t_testB) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."274                #time.sleep(tslot-(t_testC-t_testB))275                assert (tslot - t >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."276                time.sleep(tslot-t)277                if channel_in_wfd == "OCCUPIED":278                    chan = "OCCUPIED"279                #t_csense = t_csense + (t_testC - t_testB)280                t_csense = t_csense + t281                n_sensing +=1          282            assert (t_final - time.time() >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."283            time.sleep(t_final - time.time())284            t_csense = t_csense/3285            # print "Wait_for_DIFS operation time = ", (time.time()-t_inicial) # DEBUG286            287            if chan == "FREE":288                if BO_frozen == "NO" and busy_in_wfd == False and CTS_failed == False:289                    BACKOFF = 0 # Channel IDLE for the first time, BOtimer = 0290                State = "BACKING_OFF"291                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_DIFS | Channel idle | BACKING_OFF |"            292            else:293                if BO_frozen == "NO" and CTS_failed == False:  # If it is the 1st time, set the CW294                    BACKOFF = MAC.retry(TX_attempts, CW_min)295                    TX_attempts = TX_attempts + 1296                    #BO_frozen=="YES"297                    BO_first_time = 1298                State = "IDLE"299                chan = "FREE"300                if options.V: print "| WAIT_FOR_DIFS | Channel busy | IDLE |"301        302        303        #BACKING_OFF STATE304        elif State == "BACKING_OFF":305            print State306            busy_in_wfd = False307            if BACKOFF == 0:308                BO_first_time = 1309                State = "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST"310            else:311                tx = time.time()                312                ch_status, t = MAC.sense_channel(PHY_port)313                314                if ch_status == "FREE": # Channel idle315                    BACKOFF = BACKOFF - 1316                    BO_first_time = 0 # Backoff process started, freeze CW value!317                    if BACKOFF > 0:    318                        if options.V: print "| BACKING_OFF | Channel idle (CW = %i) | BACKING_OFF |"%BACKOFF319                        State = "BACKING_OFF"320                    else:321                        if options.V: print "| BACKING_OFF | Channel idle (CW = %i) | TRANSMITTING_UNICAST |"%BACKOFF 322                        State = "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST"323                        busy_in_wfd = False324                        325                else:   # Channel busy326                    BACKOFF = BACKOFF - 1327                    BO_first_time = 0 # Channel busy, CW frozen328                    BO_frozen = "YES"329                    State = "IDLE"330                    if options.V:331                        if options.V: print "| BACKING_OFF | Channel busy (CW = %i) | IDLE |"%BACKOFF 332                ty = time.time()333                assert (tslot - (ty - tx) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."334                time.sleep(tslot - (ty - tx))335        336                337        #TRANSMITTING_UNICAST STATE338        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_UNICAST":339            '''340            Send packet to PHY for its transmission using the USRP2341            packet = [MPDU][LENGHT][INFO]  342            pkt = [Header: PKT][Data: packet]343            '''344            print State345            fail_tx = False346            #if options.V: print "[%s]\t: TX DATA packet to PHY" % State347            if len(PAYLOAD) > dot11FragmentationTh:348                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_UNICAST | Send Fragmented Data | TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET |"349                State = "TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET"350                first_time_fg = True351                WF_ACK_FG_first_time = True352            else:353                values = {"payload":PAYLOAD, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}354                print "[T]-[DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[#seq:%i]-[Payload = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(dest_mac),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),N_SEQ,PAYLOAD)355                if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_UNICAST | Send DATA | WAITING_FOR_ACK |"356                N_SEQ += 1357                N_FRAG = 0358                if fail_tx == False:359                    packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values)360                else:361                     packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA_RETX", options.interp, options.regime, values)362                pkt = MAC.create_packet("PKT", packet)363                MAC.transmit(pkt, PHY_port)364                WF_ACK_first_time = 1 # First time in WAITING_FOR_ACK state 365                State = "WAITING_FOR_ACK"366    367        #WAITING_FOR_ACK STATE                        368        elif State == "WAITING_FOR_ACK":369            print State370            if WF_ACK_first_time == 1:371                T_ACK = SIFS372            ta = time.time()373            any_packet, packet_phy = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "ACK")374            if any_packet == "YES":375                x = packet_phy["INFO"]            376                #print "[R]-[%s]-[DA:%s]-[duration:%f]-[IFM:1]" %(packet_phy["HEADER"],MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]),x["txtime"])377                print "[R]-[ACK]-[DA:%s]-[IFM:1]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]))378                '''379                #============================================================380                # /TEST/ UNCOMMENT TO CHECK RTS/CTS FUNCTIONALITY381                #============================================================382                # STEP 4/4: Node 2 --> ACK383                mac_ra = my_mac384                values = {"duration":x["txtime"], "mac_ra":mac_ra,"timestamp":time.time()}  385                ACK_forced = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, values)386                packet_ACK_forced = MAC.create_packet("PKT", ACK_forced)387                MAC.transmit(packet_ACK_forced, PHY_port)388                time.sleep(tslot)389                #============================================================390                '''391                if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | ACK received | IDLE |"392                State = "IDLE"393                BACKOFF = 0394                WF_ACK_first_time = 1395                ACK_fin = 1 396                MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # Packet acknoweledged, remove from upper layers397                first_tx = True398                            399            else:400                State = "WAITING_FOR_ACK"  # Not an ACK401                WF_ACK_first_time = 0402                ACK_fin = 0403            404            ta_fin = time.time()405            assert (tslot - (ta_fin - ta) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."406            time.sleep(tslot - (ta_fin - ta))407            tb = time.time()408            T_ACK = T_ACK - (tb - ta)409            if ACK_fin == 0:410                if T_ACK > 0:411                    if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | ACK not received yet | WAITING_FOR_ACK |"412                    State = "WAITING_FOR_ACK"413                else:414                    # Not ACK yet, Reset CW to CWmin and go to IDLE415                    if options.retx == True:416                        retx_retries = retx_retries - 1417                        if retx_retries < 0:418                            CW = CW_min 419                            State = "IDLE"420                            MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)  # drop the packet after maximum number of retries421                            first_tx = True422                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | Remove packet from upper layers | IDLE |"423                            N_FRAG = 0 424                            fail_tx = False425                        else:426                            if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | ACK not received (retries left = %i) | IDLE |"%retx_retries427                            State = "IDLE"428                            fail_tx = True429                    else: 430                        State = "IDLE"431                        if options.V: print "| WAITING_FOR_ACK | Remove packet from upper layers | IDLE |"432                        MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # No Re-TX!433                        first_tx = True434        #TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET STATE435        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET":436            print State437            if first_time_fg == True:438                fragments = MAC.fragment(PAYLOAD, dot11FragmentationTh) #fragment the PAYLOAD based on a fragmentation threshold439                first_time_fg = False440            else:441                if len(fragments) > 1:442                    payload_tmp = fragments[0]443                    #Create packet with MORE FRAGMENT = 1 and payload = payload_tmp444                    values = {"payload":payload_tmp, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}445                    packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA_FRAG", options.interp, options.regime, values)446                    N_SEQ += 1447                    N_FRAG += 1448                    pkt = MAC.create_packet("PKT", packet)                   449                    print "[T]-[FRAGMENTED DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:1]-[#seq:%i]-[#frag:%i]-[Payload = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(dest_mac),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),N_SEQ,N_FRAG,payload_tmp)450                    if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET | Send DATA FRAG | WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED |"451                    MAC.transmit(pkt, PHY_port)452                    fragments.pop(0)   #FIXME Retransmission for Fragmented packets is required453                    fin_wait_ack_fragmented = False454                    State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED"455                elif len(fragments) == 1:456                    payload_tmp = fragments[0]457                    #Create packet with MORE FRAGMENT = 0 and payload = payload_tmp458                    values = {"payload":payload_tmp, "address1":dest_mac, "address2":my_mac, "N_SEQ":N_SEQ, "N_FRAG":N_FRAG, "timestamp":time.time()}459                    N_SEQ += 1460                    N_FRAG += 1461                    N_FRAG = 0462                    print "[T]-[DATA]-[DA:%s]-[SA:%s]-[MF:0]-[#seq:%i]-[Payload = %s]" %(MAC.which_dir(dest_mac),MAC.which_dir(my_mac),N_SEQ, payload_tmp)463                    if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET | Send DATA FRAG (last fragment) | WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED |"464                    packet = MAC.generate_pkt("DATA", options.interp, options.regime, values) 465                    pkt = MAC.create_packet("PKT", packet)                   466                    MAC.transmit(pkt, PHY_port)467                    fin_wait_ack_fragmented = True468                    State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED" 469        #WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED STATE          470        elif State == "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED":471            print State472            if WF_ACK_FG_first_time == 1:473                T_ACK = SIFS474            ta1 = time.time()475            no_packet, packet_phy = MAC.read_phy_response(PHY_port, "ACK")476            if no_packet == "YES": # ACK addressed to this station477                x = packet_phy["INFO"]478                print "[R]-[ACK-FRAG]-[DA: %s]-[IFM:1]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]))479                if fin_wait_ack_fragmented == True:  # Last fragment sent480                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | All fragments acknowledged  | IDLE |"481                    State = "IDLE"482                    MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # Remove the packet from upper layers483                    first_tx = True484                else:485                    print "[R]-[ACK-FRAG]-[DA:%s]-[IFM:1]" %(MAC.which_dir(x["RX_add"]))486                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | ACK received | TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET |"487                    State = "TRANSMITTING_FRAGMENTED_PACKET"488                BACKOFF = 0489                WF_ACK_FG_first_time = 1490                ACK_FG_fin = 1 491            else:492                State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED"  # Not an ACK493                WF_ACK_FG_first_time = 0494                ACK_FG_fin = 0495            ta2=time.time()496            497            assert (tslot - (ta2 - ta1) >=0),"Timing Error. Please increase the beta parameter."498            time.sleep(tslot - (ta2 - ta1))499            tb = time.time()500            T_ACK = T_ACK - (tb - ta1)501            if ACK_FG_fin == 0:502                if T_ACK > 0:503                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | ACK not received yet | WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED |"504                    State = "WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED"505                else: 506                    if options.V: print "| WAIT_ACK_FRAGMENTED | ACK not received | IDLE |"507                    State = "IDLE"508                    MAC.remove_ul_buff_packet(MAC_port)    # ACK not received within the Waiting_for_ack interval509                    first_tx = True510            511        #TX_ACK_FG STATE     512        elif State == "TX_ACK_FG":513            print State514            values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":dest_mac, "timestamp":time.time()} #dest_mac value copied from the previous Data packet515            print "[T]-[ACK]-[duration=%f]-[DA:%s]" %(values["duration"],MAC.which_dir(dest_mac))516            if options.V: print "| TX_ACK_FG | ACK sent | WAITING_FOR_DATA |"517            ACK = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, values)518            packet_ACK = MAC.create_packet("PKT", ACK)519            MAC.transmit(packet_ACK, PHY_port)520            State = "WAITING_FOR_DATA"521        522        #TRANSMITTING_ACK STATE  523        elif State == "TRANSMITTING_ACK":524            print State525            #time.sleep(SIFS)526            values = {"duration":0, "mac_ra":dest_mac, "timestamp":time.time()} #dest_mac value copied from the previous Data packet527            ACK = MAC.generate_pkt("ACK", options.interp, options.regime, values)528            packet_ACK = MAC.create_packet("PKT", ACK)529            print "[T]-[ACK]-[duration=%f]-[DA:%s]" %(values["duration"], MAC.which_dir(dest_mac))530            MAC.transmit(packet_ACK, PHY_port)531            State = "IDLE"532            if options.V: print "| TRANSMITTING_ACK | ACK sent | IDLE |"533        534if __name__ == '__main__':535    try:536        main()537    except KeyboardInterrupt:...

Playwright tutorial

LambdaTest’s Playwright tutorial will give you a broader idea about the Playwright automation framework, its unique features, and use cases with examples to exceed your understanding of Playwright testing. This tutorial will give A to Z guidance, from installing the Playwright framework to some best practices and advanced concepts.

Chapters:

What is Playwright : Playwright is comparatively new but has gained good popularity. Get to know some history of the Playwright with some interesting facts connected with it.
How To Install Playwright : Learn in detail about what basic configuration and dependencies are required for installing Playwright and run a test. Get a step-by-step direction for installing the Playwright automation framework.
Playwright Futuristic Features: Launched in 2020, Playwright gained huge popularity quickly because of some obliging features such as Playwright Test Generator and Inspector, Playwright Reporter, Playwright auto-waiting mechanism and etc. Read up on those features to master Playwright testing.
What is Component Testing: Component testing in Playwright is a unique feature that allows a tester to test a single component of a web application without integrating them with other elements. Learn how to perform Component testing on the Playwright automation framework.
Inputs And Buttons In Playwright: Every website has Input boxes and buttons; learn about testing inputs and buttons with different scenarios and examples.
Functions and Selectors in Playwright: Learn how to launch the Chromium browser with Playwright. Also, gain a better understanding of some important functions like “BrowserContext,” which allows you to run multiple browser sessions, and “newPage” which interacts with a page.
Handling Alerts and Dropdowns in Playwright : Playwright interact with different types of alerts and pop-ups, such as simple, confirmation, and prompt, and different types of dropdowns, such as single selector and multi-selector get your hands-on with handling alerts and dropdown in Playright testing.
Playwright vs Puppeteer: Get to know about the difference between two testing frameworks and how they are different than one another, which browsers they support, and what features they provide.
Run Playwright Tests on LambdaTest: Playwright testing with LambdaTest leverages test performance to the utmost. You can run multiple Playwright tests in Parallel with the LammbdaTest test cloud. Get a step-by-step guide to run your Playwright test on the LambdaTest platform.
Playwright Python Tutorial: Playwright automation framework support all major languages such as Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, .NET and etc. However, there are various advantages to Python end-to-end testing with Playwright because of its versatile utility. Get the hang of Playwright python testing with this chapter.
Playwright End To End Testing Tutorial: Get your hands on with Playwright end-to-end testing and learn to use some exciting features such as TraceViewer, Debugging, Networking, Component testing, Visual testing, and many more.
Playwright Video Tutorial: Watch the video tutorials on Playwright testing from experts and get a consecutive in-depth explanation of Playwright automation testing.