How to use alert method of Selenium.WebDriver Package

...137      reset_browser_state unless navigated138      navigated = true139      # Ensure the page is empty and trigger an UnhandledAlertError for any modals that appear during unload140      wait_for_empty_page(timer)141    rescue *unhandled_alert_errors142      # This error is thrown if an unhandled alert is on the page143      # Firefox appears to automatically dismiss this alert, chrome does not144      # We'll try to accept it145      accept_unhandled_reset_alert146      # try cleaning up the browser again147      retry148    end149  end150  def frame_obscured_at?(x:, y:)151    frame = @frame_handles[current_window_handle].last152    return false unless frame153    switch_to_frame(:parent)154    begin155      frame.base.obscured?(x: x, y: y)156    ensure157      switch_to_frame(frame)158    end159  end160  def switch_to_frame(frame)161    handles = @frame_handles[current_window_handle]162    case frame163    when :top164      handles.clear165      browser.switch_to.default_content166    when :parent167      handles.pop168      browser.switch_to.parent_frame169    else170      handles << frame171      browser.switch_to.frame(frame.native)172    end173  end174  def current_window_handle175    browser.window_handle176  end177  def window_size(handle)178    within_given_window(handle) do179      size = browser.manage.window.size180      [size.width, size.height]181    end182  end183  def resize_window_to(handle, width, height)184    within_given_window(handle) do185      browser.manage.window.resize_to(width, height)186    end187  end188  def maximize_window(handle)189    within_given_window(handle) do190      browser.manage.window.maximize191    end192    sleep 0.1 # work around for https://code.google.com/p/selenium/issues/detail?id=7405193  end194  def fullscreen_window(handle)195    within_given_window(handle) do196      browser.manage.window.full_screen197    end198  end199  def close_window(handle)200    raise ArgumentError, 'Not allowed to close the primary window' if handle == window_handles.first201    within_given_window(handle) do202      browser.close203    end204  end205  def window_handles206    browser.window_handles207  end208  def open_new_window(kind = :tab)209    browser.manage.new_window(kind)210  rescue NoMethodError, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError211    # If not supported by the driver or browser default to using JS212    browser.execute_script('window.open();')213  end214  def switch_to_window(handle)215    browser.switch_to.window handle216  end217  def accept_modal(_type, **options)218    yield if block_given?219    modal = find_modal(**options)220    modal.send_keys options[:with] if options[:with]221    message = modal.text222    modal.accept223    message224  end225  def dismiss_modal(_type, **options)226    yield if block_given?227    modal = find_modal(**options)228    message = modal.text229    modal.dismiss230    message231  end232  def quit233    @browser&.quit234  rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::SessionNotCreatedError, Errno::ECONNREFUSED,235         Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidSessionIdError236    # Browser must have already gone237  rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError => e238    unless silenced_unknown_error_message?(e.message) # Most likely already gone239      # probably already gone but not sure - so warn240      warn "Ignoring Selenium UnknownError during driver quit: #{e.message}"241    end242  ensure243    @browser = nil244  end245  def invalid_element_errors246    @invalid_element_errors ||= begin247      [248        ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::StaleElementReferenceError,249        ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementNotInteractableError,250        ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidSelectorError, # Work around chromedriver go_back/go_forward race condition251        ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementClickInterceptedError,252        ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError, # IE253        ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidArgumentError # IE254      ].tap do |errors|255        unless selenium_4?256          ::Selenium::WebDriver.logger.suppress_deprecations do257            errors.concat [258              ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnhandledError,259              ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementNotVisibleError,260              ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidElementStateError,261              ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementNotSelectableError262            ]263          end264        end265      end266    end267  end268  def no_such_window_error269    Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchWindowError270  end271private272  def selenium_4?273    defined?(Selenium::WebDriver::VERSION) && (Selenium::WebDriver::VERSION.to_f >= 4)274  end275  def native_args(args)276    args.map { |arg| arg.is_a?(Capybara::Selenium::Node) ? arg.native : arg }277  end278  def clear_browser_state279    delete_all_cookies280    clear_storage281  rescue *clear_browser_state_errors282    # delete_all_cookies fails when we've previously gone283    # to about:blank, so we rescue this error and do nothing284    # instead.285  end286  def clear_browser_state_errors287    @clear_browser_state_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError]288  end289  def unhandled_alert_errors290    @unhandled_alert_errors ||= with_legacy_error(291      [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnexpectedAlertOpenError],292      'UnhandledAlertError'293    )294  end295  def delete_all_cookies296    @browser.manage.delete_all_cookies297  end298  def clear_storage299    clear_session_storage unless options[:clear_session_storage] == false300    clear_local_storage unless options[:clear_local_storage] == false301  rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::JavascriptError302    # session/local storage may not be available if on non-http pages (e.g. about:blank)303  end304  def clear_session_storage305    if @browser.respond_to? :session_storage306      @browser.session_storage.clear307    else308      begin309        @browser&.execute_script('window.sessionStorage.clear()')310      rescue # rubocop:disable Style/RescueStandardError311        unless options[:clear_session_storage].nil?312          warn 'sessionStorage clear requested but is not supported by this driver'313        end314      end315    end316  end317  def clear_local_storage318    if @browser.respond_to? :local_storage319      @browser.local_storage.clear320    else321      begin322        @browser&.execute_script('window.localStorage.clear()')323      rescue # rubocop:disable Style/RescueStandardError324        unless options[:clear_local_storage].nil?325          warn 'localStorage clear requested but is not supported by this driver'326        end327      end328    end329  end330  def navigate_with_accept(url)331    @browser.navigate.to(url)332    sleep 0.1 # slight wait for alert333    @browser.switch_to.alert.accept334  rescue modal_error335    # alert now gone, should mean navigation happened336  end337  def modal_error338    Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchAlertError339  end340  def within_given_window(handle)341    original_handle = current_window_handle342    if handle == original_handle343      yield344    else345      switch_to_window(handle)346      result = yield347      switch_to_window(original_handle)348      result349    end350  end351  def find_modal(text: nil, **options)352    # Selenium has its own built in wait (2 seconds)for a modal to show up, so this wait is really the minimum time353    # Actual wait time may be longer than specified354    wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(355      timeout: options.fetch(:wait, session_options.default_max_wait_time) || 0,356      ignore: modal_error357    )358    begin359      wait.until do360        alert = @browser.switch_to.alert361        regexp = text.is_a?(Regexp) ? text : Regexp.new(Regexp.escape(text.to_s))362        matched = alert.text.match?(regexp)363        unless matched364          raise Capybara::ModalNotFound, "Unable to find modal dialog with #{text} - found '#{alert.text}' instead."365        end366        alert367      end368    rescue *find_modal_errors369      raise Capybara::ModalNotFound, "Unable to find modal dialog#{" with #{text}" if text}"370    end371  end372  def find_modal_errors373    @find_modal_errors ||= with_legacy_error([Selenium::WebDriver::Error::TimeoutError], 'TimeOutError')374  end375  def with_legacy_error(errors, legacy_error)376    errors.tap do |errs|377      unless selenium_4?378        ::Selenium::WebDriver.logger.suppress_deprecations do379          errs << Selenium::WebDriver::Error.const_get(legacy_error)380        end381      end382    end383  end384  def silenced_unknown_error_message?(msg)385    silenced_unknown_error_messages.any? { |regex| msg.match? regex }386  end387  def silenced_unknown_error_messages388    [/Error communicating with the remote browser/]389  end390  def unwrap_script_result(arg)391    case arg392    when Array393      arg.map { |arr| unwrap_script_result(arr) }394    when Hash395      arg.transform_values! { |value| unwrap_script_result(value) }396    when Selenium::WebDriver::Element397      build_node(arg)398    else399      arg400    end401  end402  def find_context403    browser404  end405  def active_element406    browser.switch_to.active_element407  end408  def build_node(native_node, initial_cache = {})409    ::Capybara::Selenium::Node.new(self, native_node, initial_cache)410  end411  def bridge412    browser.send(:bridge)413  end414  def specialize_driver415    browser_type = browser.browser416    Capybara::Selenium::Driver.specializations.select { |k, _v| k === browser_type }.each_value do |specialization| # rubocop:disable Style/CaseEquality417      extend specialization418    end419  end420  def setup_exit_handler421    main = Process.pid422    at_exit do423      # Store the exit status of the test run since it goes away after calling the at_exit proc...424      @exit_status = $ERROR_INFO.status if $ERROR_INFO.is_a?(SystemExit)425      quit if Process.pid == main426      exit @exit_status if @exit_status # Force exit with stored status427    end428  end429  def reset_browser_state430    clear_browser_state431    @browser.navigate.to('about:blank')432  end433  def wait_for_empty_page(timer)434    until find_xpath('/html/body/*').empty?435      raise Capybara::ExpectationNotMet, 'Timed out waiting for Selenium session reset' if timer.expired?436      sleep 0.01437      # It has been observed that it is possible that asynchronous JS code in438      # the application under test can navigate the browser away from about:blank439      # if the timing is just right. Ensure we are still at about:blank...440      @browser.navigate.to('about:blank') unless current_url == 'about:blank'441    end442  end443  def accept_unhandled_reset_alert444    @browser.switch_to.alert.accept445    sleep 0.25 # allow time for the modal to be handled446  rescue modal_error447    # The alert is now gone.448    # If navigation has not occurred attempt again and accept alert449    # since FF may have dismissed the alert at first attempt.450    navigate_with_accept('about:blank') if current_url != 'about:blank'451  end452end453require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/chrome_driver'454require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/firefox_driver'455require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/internet_explorer_driver'456require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/safari_driver'457require 'capybara/selenium/driver_specializations/edge_driver'...

1driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"2driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click3driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"4driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click5driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"6driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click

1driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"2driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click3driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"4driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click5driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"6driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click7driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"8driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click9driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"10driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click11driver.find_element(:name, 'q').clear12driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver Tutorial"13driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click

1driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"2driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click3wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout => 10)4wait.until { driver.title.downcase.start_with? "selenium webdriver" }5driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"6driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click7wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout => 10)8wait.until { driver.title.downcase.start_with? "selenium webdriver" }

1driver.find_element(:name, "q").send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"2driver.find_element(:name, "btnG").click3Selenium WebDriver is a collection of libraries that are used to automate web browsers. It is used to automate web applications for testing purposes, but is not limited to just that. Boring web-based administration tasks can (and should!) also

1driver.find_element(:name, "q").send_keys "Hello World"2driver.find_element(:name, "btnK").click3driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"4driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click5driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"6driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click7driver.find_element(:name, 'q').clear8driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver Tutorial"9driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click

1driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"2driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click3wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout => 10)4wait.until { driver.title.downcase.start_with? "selenium webdriver" }5driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"6driver.find_element(:name, 'btnG').click7wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout => 10)8wait.until { driver.title.downcase.start_with? "selenium webdriver" }

1driver.find_element(:name, "q").send_keys "Selenium WebDriver"2driver.find_element(:name, "btnG").click3Selenium WebDriver is a collection of libraries that are used to automate web browsers. It is used to automate web applications for testing purposes, but is not limited to just that. Boring web-based administration tasks can (and should!) also